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MuscularSystemTerms
Define and describe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A band | overlapping thick and thin filaments |
| actin | globular protein with myosin binding sites |
| myosin | consists of two twisted strands with globular cross-bridges projected outward along the strands |
| tropomyosin and troponin | two proteins associated with the surface of the actin filaments |
| fascia | layers of dense connective tissue, surround and separate each muscle |
| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers inside the perimysium |
| perimysium | divide skeletal muscle into bundles of muscle fibers |
| perimysium | surrounds the entire muscle |
| endomysium | surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber (cell), and ties adjacent mucle fibers together |
| aponeurosis | broad sheet of tendon that connects different skeletal muscles |
| tendon | bands of collagen fibers that attach skeletal muscles to bones |
| what are the layers of connective tissue that make up a muscle | epimysium, perimysium, endomysium |
| axons | nerve fibers |
| multinucleate | muscle cell that contains hundreds of nuclei |
| sarcolemma | cell membrane of a muscle fiber |
| sarcoplasm | cytoplasm of a muscle fiber |
| transverse "T" tubules | form pathways through the muscle fiber. Key role in coordination of the muscle fiber |
| myofibrils | bundles of thick and thin filaments |
| myofilaments | protein filaments consisting primarily of actin and myosin |
| actin molecules | found in thin filaments |
| myosin molecules | found in thick filaments |
| function of myofibrils | responsible for muscle fiber contraction |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum "SR" | specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| terminal cisternae | expanded chambers of SR, contain high concentrations of calcium ions |
| when does muscle contraction begin | when stored calcium ions are released from the terminal cisternae info the sarcoplasm |
| sacromeres | repeating functional units of myofilaments, smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber |
| cross-bridges | myosin heads of connected thick and thin filaments |
| nueromuscular junction | the site where the motor neuron and muscle fiber meet |
| motor neuron | nerve cell that controlls a skeletal muscle fiber |
| acetylecholine | within synaptic terminal, "ACh", neurotransmitter, chemical released by a neuron to communicate with other cells |
| the release of ACh from the synaptic terminal results in | changes in the sarcolemma that trigger the contraction of a muscle fiber |
| synaptic cleft | separates the synaptic terminal from the sarcolemma |
| motor end plate | the portion of the muscle fiber where the sarcolemma is tightly folded to contain receptors that bind Ach, and where nucei and mitochindria are abundant |
| acetylcholinesterase | "AChE", breaks down molecules of ACh, stored in synaptic cleft and motor end plate |
| action potential | electical impulses in the sarcolemma |
| how do neurons control skeletal muscles | by stimulatin the production of an action potential |
| latent period | begins at stimulation |
| twitch | a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber |
| contraction phase | tension rises to a peak |
| relaxation phase | muscle tension falls to resting levels as calcium levels drop, active sites are being covered, and the number of cross-bridges declines |
| creatine phosphate | stores excess energy released by the mitochondria, is present to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate |
| tetanus | caused by exotoxin from Clostidium tetani, the toxin inhibits certain inhibitory neurons in the spinal chord, both antagonistic groups of muscles contract and the body becomes rigid |
| orgin | the immovable end of a muscle |
| insertion | the movable end of a muscle |
| contraction | pulls the insertion towards the orgin |
| prime mover | the muscle in a group of muscles that is doing the majority of the work |
| synergists | helper muscles |
| antagonists | opposing muscles |
| major muscles of the face | epicranius, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomatigus, platysma |
| chewing muscles | masseter, temporalis |
| major muscles that move the head | sternocleinomastoid, splenius capitis, semispinalis |
Created by:
Anthony 619
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