A+P Test 1 Ch2a Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
# of elements in human body and major ones | 26. 96% H, O, C, and N |
Atom | Smallest unit of matter |
Parts of atom | +Protons and neutrons (subatomic particles in nucleus), and -electrons in electron orbits. |
Distinctive to specific element. | # of Protons |
Atomic Number | # of Protons |
Mass Number | # of Protons plus # of Neutrons = mass of nucleus |
Isotope | Different Mass Number due to change in neutrons |
Radioactive Isotope | Unstable elements (trying to get rid off extra neutrons) |
Half Life | Time it takes for half of nucleus (neutrons) to decay to stable form. |
Pure Atoms have what equal in number | Protons and Electrons |
Atomic Mass | Average mass of an elements naturally occurring isotopes (usually class to mass #) |
Ion | Atom with a charge (+ or -) |
Molecule | Two or more atoms sharing electrons. |
Compound | Two or more atoms of DIFFERENT elements sharing electrons. |
Positively charged ion | Cation |
Negatively charged ion | Anion |
Free radical and potential danger. | Charged atom with unpaired electrons in outer shell. May take -e from living tissue, killing it. |
Octet Rule | Atoms like to have a complete outer shell (8 electrons, 2 if in first orbit) |
Antioxidants | Give e-s to free radicals. The f.r. are then disposed of naturally. |
3 types of chemical bonds | ionic, covalent, and hydrogen. |
hydrogen bond | The attraction between a positively charged H end of a molecule to a negatively charged end (usually O or N) of a molecule. |
Ionic bond | The attraction of oppositely charged ions, a cation and an anion. One atom gains electrons and one loses electrons |
Covalent bond | Two or more atoms share electrons. The more atom pairs shared, the stronger the bond. |
Electrolyte | An ionic compound that breaks into positive and negative ions in solution. |
Chemical reaction | New bonds form or old bonds break between atoms |
Starting and ending substances of a chemical reaction. | Reactants and Products (have equal masses) |
Two principle forms of energy. | potential energy (stored by matter due to its position) kinetic energy (matter in motion) |
Two types of chemical reactions. | Exergonic (release energy) and endergonic (absorb energy) |
Energy needed to start a reaction. | Activation Energy |
Catalyst | Chemical compounds (often enzymes) that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur. The catalyst remains UNCHANGED. |
Inorganic compound | Simple bonded (ionic or covalent), lack carbon (except CO2, HCO3, and H2CO3) |
Organic compound | Covalent bonds. Long chains of carbon and usually H. |
parts of a solution | solvent and solute |
mixture | Combination of elements that are unbonded. |
Solution properties | A mixture that will not settle out and where the solute particles are evenly dispersed and so small the mixture appears clear. |
Colloid properties | A mixture that will not settle out. The size of the solute particles are large enough that they disperse light and the mixture appears opaque (milk). |
Suspension | The solute may mix but will settle out with time (blood). |
Solution concentrations are usually expressed in this form. | mass/volume percentage |
Total number of molecules in a volume. | mol/L (to make a 1 mole solution of NaCl, dissolve 1 mole NaCl in enough H2O to equal 1 liter of solution) |
Avogadro's Number | 6.023 x 10 to the 23rd (# of particles in 1 mole) |
Mole | 6.023 x 10 to the 23rd particles. The mass of 1 mole in grams of element = atomic mass of element |
How many grams in 2 moles of C(16)? | 32 grams |
How many particles in 1 mole of O(12)? | 6.023 x 10 to the 23rd |
How many particles in 24 grams of O(12)? | 2(6.023 x 10 to the 23rd) |
How many moles in 32 grams of C(16)? | 2 moles |
4 important properties of H20 | 1. High heat of vaporization (takes lots of energy to turn from liquid to gas). 2. High heat capacity (can absorb a lot of energy before increasing in temperature). 3. Water is a great lubricant (due to H bonds) 4. Water is a great solvent. |
Hydrolysis | Water molecules used to break down larger molecules into smaller molecules which can then be absorbed. |
Dehydration synthesis reaction | 2 smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule and a water molecule is one of the products. |
Acid | Substance that dissolves into 1 or more hydrogen (H+) ions (and 1 or more anions). ELECTRON ACCEPTOR |
Base | Substance that dissolves into 1 or more hydroxide (OH-) ions (and 1 or more cations). ELECTRON DONOR. Removes H+ from a solution. |
Salt | When dissolved, dissociates into anions and cations, neither of which is H+ or OH-. Often are electrolytes. |
Base + Acid = | Salt + Water |
Electrolytes | Ions in solution, creating electrical currents. |
pH scale | Concentration of H+ acid 1-6.9 neutral 7 (H+=OH-) base 7.1-14 (1 whole number change on scale = 10x H+ cc) |
Human body pH norm and terms for either side. | Norm 7.35-7.45. More acidic = acidosis. More basic = alkalosis. |
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