Cardiovascular Notes Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
The heart rests on: | diaphragm |
The heart is located in the: | medistinum |
apex is directed: | anterior inferiorly to the left |
the base or superior border is directed: | posterior superiorly to the right |
Anterior surface is: | deep to the sternum and ribs |
inferior surface is: | portion that rests on the diaphragm |
The right border faces | the right lung |
the left border or pulmonary border faces | the left lung |
superior right point | superior border of the third right costal cartilage about 3cm to the right of the midline |
superior left point | inferior border of second left costal cartilage about 3cm to the left of the midline |
inferior left point | apex of the heart in the fifth left intercostal space about 9cm to the left of the midline |
inferior right point | superior border of the sixth right costal cartilage about 3cm to the right of the midline |
pericardium is | the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart |
fibrous pericardium is | tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue |
fibrous pericardium prevents | overstretching of the heart, provides protection and anchors the heart in the mediastinum. |
serous pericardium | a thinner more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart |
parietal layer of serous pericardium is fused to | fibrous pericardium |
visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium) adheres to | the surface of the heart |
pericardial fluid is | a slippery secretion that reduces friction between the membrane as the heart moves |
pericardial cavity contains | pericardial fluid |
epicardium is also called | serous pericardium |
Epicardium is | the external layer of the heart wall |
epicardium is composed of two layers which are | visceral layer of serous pericariumvariable layer of connective or adipose tissue |
Myocardium is | the middle layer composed of cardic muscle tissue |
Myocardium is responsible for | pumping action of the heart |
Cardiac muscle fibres swirl | diagonally around the heart and interlacing bundles |
Endocardium is | thin layer of endothelium overlying connective tissue |
endocardium provides | a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers the valves of the heart |
Endocardium is continuous with | the endothelial lining of the large blood vessels attached to the heart. |
compared to skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle fibres are | shorter, less circular, transverse |
two sepearte functional networks are | the atria and ventricles |
intercallated disks connect | ends of cardiac muscle fibres to neighbouring fibres. |
desmosomes hold | fibres together |
gap junctions allow | muscle action potentials to conduct from one muscle fibre to its neighbour |
each network contracts as | a unit |
listening to heart sounds is called | auscultation |
Sound comes primarily from | blood tubulence caused by the cloising of heart valves |
only the first and second sounds are | loud enough to be heard through a stethoscope |
the first sound S1 | is louder an a bit longger than the second sound |
lubb is created by | blood turbulence associated with the closure of av valves |
the seond sound s2 is caused by | blood turbulence associated with the closing of the semilunar valves "dupp" |
the sounds are best heard | through a stethoscope |
the closure of aortic valve is best heard | superior right point |
the colosure of the pulmonary valve | superior left point |
the colsure of the bicuspid valve is best heard | inferior left point |
the closure of the tricuspid valve is best heard | inferior right point |
valvular abnormalities include | murmurs |
Created by:
xArachnax
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