Pathology 2-2 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
exposure to toxic agents - exogenous | silica (silicosis) |
exposure to toxic agents - endogenous | toxic plasma lipid components (atherosclerosis) |
autoimmunity | rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, erythematosus |
histological features of chronic inflammation | infiltration, tissue destruction, healing |
infiltration with mononuclear cells in chronic inflammation | macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells |
tissue destruction in chronic inflammation | induced by the inflammatory cells |
How does healing occur in chronic inflammation? | fibrosis and angiogenesis |
Fibrosis | replacement of damaged tissue by connective tissue |
Angiogenesis | new blood vessel formation |
Monocytes emigrate into tissue early in inflammation and transofrm into what cell? | macrophage - a larger phagocytic cell |
When do macrophages predominate in chronic inflammation? | 48 hours - recruitment, division, immobilization |
What does the activation of macrophages result in? | secretion of biologically active products |
When do monocytes begin to emigrate into tissues? | early in inflammation where they transform into the larger phagocytic cell known as the macrophage |
What do lymphocytes produce in chronic inflammation? | inflammatory mediators |
What do lymphocytes participate in in chronic inflammation? | cell-mediated immune reactions |
What do lymphocyte plasma cells produce in chronic inflammation? | antibody |
How do lymphocytes and macrophages interact in chronic inflammation? | a bi-directional fashioni |
What are eosinophils involved in? | immune reactions mediated by IgE, parasitic infections (contain protein toxic to parasites) |
How do eosinophils fight against parasitic infections? | eosinophil granules contain a protein that is toxic to parasites |
Mast Cells | release mediators (histamine) and cytokines |
granulomatous inflammation pattern of inflammation | predominant cell type is an activated macrophage with a modified epithelial-like appearance. Giant cells may or may not be present |
granuloma | focal area of granulomatous inflammation |
foreign body granulomas | form when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage |
immune granulomas | insoluble or poorly soluble particles elicit a cell-mediated immune response |
sarcoidosis | poorly soluble antigen-antibody complexes |
How is liver involved in inflammation? | secretion of acute phase proteins |
What glucocorticoid response occurs in inflammation? | increased production (stress response) |
What happens to vasopressin in inflammation? | decreased secretion leading to reduced volume of body fluid to be warmed |
What does fever do in inflammation? | improves efficiency of leukocyte killing, impairs replication of many offending organisms |
What autonomic responses occur in inflammation? | redirection of blood flow to minimize heat loss, increase pulse, bp, decreased sweating |
What behavioral responses occur in inflammation? | shivering, chills, anorexia, somnolence, malaise |
leukocytosis | increased leukocyte count in the blood |
neutrophilia occurs in what cases? | bacterial infections |
lymphocytosis occurs in what cases? | infections mono, mumps, measles |
eosinophilia occurs in what cases? | parasites, asthma, hay fever |
leukopenia | reduced leukocyte count, in typhoid fever, some viruses, rickettsiae, protozoa |
What are prediosposing factors for orbital mucormycosis? | diabetic ketoacidosis, leukemia |
Where may chemical mediators of inflammation be derived from? | plasma or cells |
Where do chemical mediators of inflammation bind? | to specific receptors on target cells |
What do chemical mediators of inflammation cause in target cells? | release of mediators, which may amplify or ameliorate inflam. Response |
How many cells do chemical mediators of inflammation work on? | one or a few, have widespread targets and may have differing effects depending on cell and tissue types |
How long is the response of chemical mediators of inflammation? | usually short lived |
What do chemical mediators of inflammation have the potential to cause? | harmful effects |
Review vasoactive vs. chemotactic mediators | slide #62 |
Histamine | released from mast cells (also basophils and platelets) |
What does binding of antigen (allergen) to IgE on mast cells cause? | release of histamine contained granules |
What other mechanisms cause release of histamine? | nonimmune mechanisms (cold, trauma), release by other mediators |
What does histamine do? | dilates arterioles and increases permeability of venules (wheal and flare reaction) |
Bradykinin | small peptide release from plasma precursors |
What does bradykinin do? | increases vascular permeability, dilates blood vessels, causes pain, rapid activation |
Created by:
ges13
Popular Medical sets