Chap 6 muscles Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
excitability | skeletal muscle respond to a stimulus |
extensibility | ability to be stretched |
elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length |
skeletal muscle is surrounded by what connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
another connective tissue located outside of the epimysium (surrounds separate muscles) | fascia |
the muscle bundles are covered by | perimysium |
fasciculi are composed of a single muscle cells called? | fibers |
each muscle fiber contains several | nuclei |
each fiber is surrounded by | endomysium |
the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin, myosin |
actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
sarcomeres | is the basic structural and functional unit |
each sarcomere extends from | z line to z line |
the arrangement of actin and myosin | give a banded look |
beside the z lines there is an area called | I band |
the a band extends the length of the | myosin (darker area) |
the center area is called the | h zone |
the myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere called | m line |
the outside of most cell membranes are + and the inside -, whats the difference called | resting membrane potential |
muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly, the brief reversal back is called | action potential |
motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
axons enter the muscles and branch , the muscles branches form | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a - | motor unit |
a neuromuscular junction is formed by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in a indentation of the muscle cell membrane (t or f) | true . |
the enlarged nerve terminal is the | presynaptic terminal |
the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the---- and the muscle fiber is | synaptic cleft,-----, postsynaptic terminal |
each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
acetylcholine | difusses across the synaptic cleft |
action reaches the nerve terminal | releases acetylochine |
breaks down acetylochine | acetylochinesterase |
muscle contractions | occur as the actin and myosin slide past one another causing shortening |
when sacromeres shorten so do the.. | muscles |
the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin during contraction is called | sliding filament mechanism |
muscle twitch | a contration of the entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
a muscle fiber will no respond to a stimulus until it reaches | a threshold |
the complete contraction is called | all or none response |
the time between the stimulus and the contraction is | the lag phase |
the time of contraction is | contraction phase |
the time the muscle relaxes is | relaxation phase |
successive stimuli are given to cause successive contractions for | the muscle to have no time to relax |
tetany | the muscle remains contracted |
the increase in number of motor units being activates is called | recruitment |
atp means | adenosine triphosphate |
atp is needed for.... | muscle contractions |
atp is produced in | mitochondtria |
atp is | short lived and unstable |
atp transforms into | adp |
adp stands for | adenosine diphosphate |
it is necessary for muscles to constantly produce | atp |
they stock pile atp but they can produce | creatine phosphate |
during periods of inactivity the atp energy is used to | synthesize creatine phosphate |
during times of activity the energy stored in creatine can be used to make | atp |
anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
after exercise ends the respiration rate stays high (T/F) | true |
the high rate of respiration is to renew the | oxygen debt |
the oxygen debt is | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
muscle fatigue | results when atp is used during contraction faster then it is produced |
how many types of muscle contractions | isometric and isotonic |
isometric is | the length of the muscle doesn't change, but the amount of tension increases |
isotonic is | the amount of tension is constant but the length of muscle changes |
muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body |
how many different twitch fibers are there | 2 |
the 2 different twitch fibers | fast and slow |
fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and fatigue slower |
fast twitch fibers is adapted for | anaerobic metabolism |
slow twitch fibers is adapted for | aerobic metabolism |
the points of attachments of each muscle is | its origin and insertion |
the origin is | the most stationary end of the muscle |
the insertion is | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | the belly |
some muscles have multiple orgins or head(T/F) | true |
muscles that work together to accomplish a specific movement | are synergists |
muscle that work in opposite are | anatgonists |
among a group of synergists if a muscle has a major role it is called a | prime mover |
muscle are names are | descriptive |
muscles are named to their | location, size, shape, origin, fuction, etc. |
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RickyJenkins
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