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Chap 6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | skeletal muscle respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length |
| skeletal muscle is surrounded by what connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| another connective tissue located outside of the epimysium (surrounds separate muscles) | fascia |
| the muscle bundles are covered by | perimysium |
| fasciculi are composed of a single muscle cells called? | fibers |
| each muscle fiber contains several | nuclei |
| each fiber is surrounded by | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin, myosin |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
| sarcomeres | is the basic structural and functional unit |
| each sarcomere extends from | z line to z line |
| the arrangement of actin and myosin | give a banded look |
| beside the z lines there is an area called | I band |
| the a band extends the length of the | myosin (darker area) |
| the center area is called the | h zone |
| the myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere called | m line |
| the outside of most cell membranes are + and the inside -, whats the difference called | resting membrane potential |
| muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly, the brief reversal back is called | action potential |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| axons enter the muscles and branch , the muscles branches form | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a - | motor unit |
| a neuromuscular junction is formed by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in a indentation of the muscle cell membrane (t or f) | true . |
| the enlarged nerve terminal is the | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the---- and the muscle fiber is | synaptic cleft,-----, postsynaptic terminal |
| each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| acetylcholine | difusses across the synaptic cleft |
| action reaches the nerve terminal | releases acetylochine |
| breaks down acetylochine | acetylochinesterase |
| muscle contractions | occur as the actin and myosin slide past one another causing shortening |
| when sacromeres shorten so do the.. | muscles |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin during contraction is called | sliding filament mechanism |
| muscle twitch | a contration of the entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| a muscle fiber will no respond to a stimulus until it reaches | a threshold |
| the complete contraction is called | all or none response |
| the time between the stimulus and the contraction is | the lag phase |
| the time of contraction is | contraction phase |
| the time the muscle relaxes is | relaxation phase |
| successive stimuli are given to cause successive contractions for | the muscle to have no time to relax |
| tetany | the muscle remains contracted |
| the increase in number of motor units being activates is called | recruitment |
| atp means | adenosine triphosphate |
| atp is needed for.... | muscle contractions |
| atp is produced in | mitochondtria |
| atp is | short lived and unstable |
| atp transforms into | adp |
| adp stands for | adenosine diphosphate |
| it is necessary for muscles to constantly produce | atp |
| they stock pile atp but they can produce | creatine phosphate |
| during periods of inactivity the atp energy is used to | synthesize creatine phosphate |
| during times of activity the energy stored in creatine can be used to make | atp |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| after exercise ends the respiration rate stays high (T/F) | true |
| the high rate of respiration is to renew the | oxygen debt |
| the oxygen debt is | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| muscle fatigue | results when atp is used during contraction faster then it is produced |
| how many types of muscle contractions | isometric and isotonic |
| isometric is | the length of the muscle doesn't change, but the amount of tension increases |
| isotonic is | the amount of tension is constant but the length of muscle changes |
| muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body |
| how many different twitch fibers are there | 2 |
| the 2 different twitch fibers | fast and slow |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and fatigue slower |
| fast twitch fibers is adapted for | anaerobic metabolism |
| slow twitch fibers is adapted for | aerobic metabolism |
| the points of attachments of each muscle is | its origin and insertion |
| the origin is | the most stationary end of the muscle |
| the insertion is | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | the belly |
| some muscles have multiple orgins or head(T/F) | true |
| muscles that work together to accomplish a specific movement | are synergists |
| muscle that work in opposite are | anatgonists |
| among a group of synergists if a muscle has a major role it is called a | prime mover |
| muscle are names are | descriptive |
| muscles are named to their | location, size, shape, origin, fuction, etc. |
Created by:
RickyJenkins
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