Tissues and skin Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Tissue | a group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure |
Main function of epithelial tissue | covering |
main function of connective tissue | support |
main function of muscle tissue | movement |
main function of nervous tissue | control |
Epithelial tissue: | -covers body surfaces and lines body cavities -forms most glands |
Function of Epithelium: | -protection -absorption -secretion -ion transport -filtration -forms slippery surfaces |
simple | one layer of cells |
stratified | more than one layer |
Determine cell shape by looking at the __________ layer | apical or top |
Squamous | flat and scale-like |
cuboidal | cube-like |
columnar | column-like |
endothelium | slick lining of hollow organs |
mesothelium | lines peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. covers visceral organs of those cavities |
simple squamous | single layer of flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei |
function of simple squamous | -passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration -secretes lubricating substances (serous fluid) in bladder, heart, lungs |
example of passive diffusion | gas exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen |
___________ ____________ is found in the alveoli | simple squamous |
location of simple squamous | -renal corpuscles: linings of heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels -alveoli of lungs: lining of anterior body cavity |
simple cuboidal | single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical, central nuclei |
function of simple cuboidal | secretion and absorption |
Location of simple cuboidal | -kidney tubules -small glands -ovaries |
simple columnar | single layer of column-shaped cells with oval nuclei. some have cilia on apical surface |
columnar are the only cells that can contain ________ cells | goblet |
Goblet cells | create mucus when combined with water |
Function of simple columnar | -absorption -secretion of mucus and enzymes |
ciliated simple columnar | lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus |
non-ciliated simple columnar | lines digestive tract, gallbladder, and ducts of some glands |
pseudostratified columnar | -cells originate at basement membrane -only tall cells reach the top surface -may contain goblet cells or cilia -nuclei lie at varying heights -gives false impression of several layers |
function of pseudostratified columnar | secretion of mucus and propulsion of mucus by cilia |
location of non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar | -ducts of male reproductive organs -ducts of large glands |
location of ciliated pseudostratified columnar | lines trachea and upper respiratory tract |
stratified squamous | thickest epithelial tissue. adapted for protection |
keratinized stratified squamous location | surface cells are full of keratin and dead cells ex: skin |
non-keratinized stratified squamous location | forms moist lining of body openings ex: esophagus, mouth, vagina |
function of stratified squamous | protects underlying tissues in frictional areas |
stratified cuboidal function | protection |
stratified cuboidal location | largest ducts of sweat, mammary, and saliva glands |
stratified columnar | male urethra and large ducts of some glands |
transitional function | stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder |
Transitional location | ureters, urinary bladder, part pf urethra |
Microvilli | found in digestive system. helps increase surface area |
Cilia contains nine pairs of _________ | microtubules |
pairs of microtubules are _________ | axoneme |
adhesion proteins | link plasma membrane of adjacent cells |
desomosomes | 2 disc-like plaques connected across intercellular space. joined by proteins called cadherins. |
tight junction | close off intercellular space. prevent molecules from passing between cells of epithelial tissue |
gap junction | passageway between 2 adjacent cells. lets small molecules move directly between neighboring cells. cells are connected by hollow cylinders of protein |
Exocrine glands | carry products from glands to epithelial |
types of exocrine glands | mucus-secreting sweat and oil salivary liver and pancreas |
_________ protects and lubricates many internal body surfaces | mucus |
Multicellular exocrine glands | basic parts: epithelium-walled duct and secretory unit Classified as simple or compound. Categorized by secretory unit: tubular, alveolar, tubuloalveolar |
Endocrine glands | ductless glands. secretes hormones or other substances directly into bloodstream |
Connective tissue is the _______ | most diverse and abundant tissue |
connective tissue main classes: | -connective tissue -cartilage -bone tissue -blood |
loose connective | cushions organs provides support but permits independent movement |
dense connective tissue | provides firm attachment. conducts pull of muscles. reduces friction between muscles. stabilizes relative positions of bone. helps prevent overexpansion of organs |
areolar connective | underlies epithelial. surrounds small nerves and vessels. wraps and cushions organs. holds and conveys tissue fluid. |
function of connective | support and binding to other tissues. holding body fluids. defending body against infection. storing nutrients as fat |
types of protein fibers in areolar connective | collagen, reticular, elastic |
Areolar connective is the ________________________________ | main battlefield in fight against infection and site of inflammation |
fibroblasts make up _____________ | aerolar |
adipose tissue | closely packed adipocytes. nuclus is pushed to the side |
function of adipose tissue | provides reserve food fuel. insulates. supports and protects organs |
location of adipose tissue | under skin, around kidneys, behind eyes, within abdomen and breasts |
reticular connective tissue | network of reticular fibers in loose ground substance |
function of reticular connective | form a soft internal skeleton |
location of reticular connective | lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen |
dense irregular connective tissue | irregularly arranged collagen fibers. some elastic fibers and fibroblasts |
function of dense irregular connective | withstands tension and provides structural strength |
location of dense irregular connective | dermis, submucosa of digestive tract. fribrous capsules of joints and organs |
dense regular connective tissue | primarily parallel collagen fibers. fibrolblasts and some elastic fibers. poorly vascularized |
function of dense regular connective tissue | attaches muscle to bone (tendons) and bone to bone (ligaments) and withstands great stress |
location of dense regular connective tissue | tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, fascia, muscles |
cartilage | firm, flexible tissue, matrix contains up to 80% water. chondrocyte |
Types of cartilage: | hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
hyaline cartilage appears______________ | glassy |
function of hyaline cartilage | supports and reinforces. resilient cushion. resisits repetitive stress |
location of hyaline cartilage | fetal skeleton, end of long bones, connector of ribs to sternum, nose, trachea, larynx |
elastic cartilage | more elastic than hyaline |
function of elastic cartilage | maintains shape of structure. allows great flexibility |
location of elastic cartilage | external ear, epiglottis |
fibrocartilage | less firm matrix than hyaline. thick collagen fibers predominate |
function of fibrocartilage | tensile strength and ability to absorb compressive shock |
location of fibrocartilage | intervertebral discs, pubic symphasis, discs of knee joint |
bone tissue | calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers. very well vascularized |
osteoblasts | secrete collagen fibers and matrix |
osteocytes | mature bone cells in lacunae |
function of bone | supports and protects organs. provides levers and attachment for muscles. stores calcium and fat. marrow |
marrow is the site for _____________________________ | blood cell formation |
blood tissue | atypical connective tissue. consists of cells surrounded by nonliving matrix. |
function of blood | transport respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes |
skeletal muscle | long cylindrical cells. multinucleic. obvious striations. |
function of skeletal muscles | voluntary movement. manipulation of environment. facial expression |
cardiac muscle tissue | branching cells, striated. uninucleic. |
function of cardiac muscle | contracts to propel blood into circulatory system |
smooth muscle tissue | spindle-shaped with central nuclei. forms sheets. no striations |
function of smooth muscle | propel substances along internal passageways, involuntary control |
location of smooth muscle | walls of hollow organs |
nervous tissue | contains neurons and neuroglical cells |
neurons are __________ cells | excitatory |
function of neural tissue | transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors |
location of neural tissue | brain, spinal cord, nerves |
histamine | increases permeability of capillaries |
critical burns | 25% second degree 10% third degree third degree burns to face, hands, feet |
primary functions of skin | protection, temperature regulation, sense of touch, excretes waste, synthesizes vitamin D |
skin is made of ______________ tissue | stratified squamous |
layers of the epidermis | stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basal |
dermis is made of ____________ tissue | dense irregular connective |
hypodermis | contains adipose tissue and major skin blood vessels |
red hair contains ___________ protein | trichosiderin |
goosebumps | caused by the contraction of arrector pilli |
sebaceous glands | produces sebum |
eccrine glands | most common on forehead, neck, back |
apocrine glands | found in axillary regions, groin, around nipples |
when body heat rises: | blood is moved to the periphery and skin surface deep blood vessels contract to restrict blood vessels dermal vessels dilate allowing heat to escape heart beats faster sweat glands active |
when body temperature drops: | dermal vessels contract sweat glands inactive skeletal muscles contract shivering occurs |
melanin | yellow, brown, or black pigments |
carotene | orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables |
hemoglobin | red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries |
cyanosis | skin appears bluish due to low oxygen concentration |
jaundice | yellowish skin tone due to liver malfunction |
Created by:
naomirsorenson
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