A&P 2 CH 18 Word Scramble
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pancreas | produces enzymes that are ducted into the small intestine (exocrine gland) |
these are on the cells of the pancreas that produce a pancreatic hormone | islets is Langerhans (endocrine) |
the pancreas maintains homeostasis of this | blood glucose (endocrine) |
long term hyperglycemia is responsible for most of the complications in | diabetes mellitus (type II) |
pancreas has TWO types of cells in each islet | alpha and beta |
alpha cells | glucagon-when sugar is needed in the blood |
beta cells | insulin-when sugar is too high in the blood |
delta cells | secrete somatostatin-growth hormone |
alpha cells are on the | outside |
beta cells are on the | inside-cell core |
normal blood sugar | 90mg/100ml |
another word for a hormone can be | ligands |
intercellular communication: direct | 2 cells function as one unit |
intercellular communication: paracrine | cells in the same tissue talking: most common |
endocrine | messages from far away: target cells |
synaptic communication | nerve to: nerve, muscle, or gland |
how do hormones work | alter the target cell: effects can be slow to appear but can last for days, |
up regulation | super sensitized |
down regulation | desensitized |
amino acid derivatives (aad, looks like mad with mike) | tyrosine and tryptophan (mike tyson tripped a fan) |
peptide hormones | hypothalamus, heart, digestive system (a peppy cheerleader is now hypo, but eats the wrong thing and dies causing her hearts to stop) |
lipid derivatives | eicosanoids and steroids (the little geico, took steroids which made him fat and gain weight |
what does a enzyme to | helps and then leaves |
amino acids are building blocks | protiens |
tyrosine makes | thyroid hormon made in the thyroid gland, dopamine, and CATecholamines noraepi, and epic, |
where does mike tyson (tyrosine) keep his cats (catecholamines) | in the adrenal medulla |
tryptophan makes | melaney and sara (melatonin by the spinal gland and serotonin by the brain and guts) |
peptide hormones (mostly are secreted by the pituitary gland) (most often the answer is a peptide hormone) | all hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, heart, digestive tract, pancreas, and thymus gland |
anti-diuretic hormone | ADH |
oxytocin | type of peptide hormone |
growth hormone | GH |
prolactin | PL |
adrenocorticotropic hormone | ACTH |
thyroid stimulating hormone | TSH |
luteinizing hormone | LH |
follicle stimulating hormone | FSH |
Lipid; Eicosaniods( will deny you insurance if) | you have inflammation, allergies, or fevers that cause pain. |
prostaglandins | sounds like prostate, grows with inflamed pain, aspirin is used but will thin platelets. |
leukotrienes | this word sounds like white, and three, this medicine is used to tamp down asthma. |
lipid derivatives steroids (cholesterol) parts: | 1. cortex of adrenal glands (salt, sugar, sex-min, glu, gon). 2. kidneys (calcitriol) 3. reproductive organs (gonads) estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. |
steroid hormones (SH) | lipid soluble, made of cholesterol, protein carriers that enter nucleus, and tell DNA to make a protein (uses direct gene activation), slower, does NOT amplify |
6 steroid hormones | ADRENAL GLAND(cortex): aldosterone, cortisol, androgens TESTES: testosterone OVARIERS: estrogen and progesterone |
DGA: direct gene activation of steroid hormones forms what | a hormone receptor complex (HRC) ending product is a protein |
non steroid hormones (NSH) | water soluble, protein receptors in the plasma membrane, uses the 2nd messenger system, fast acting, DOES causes amplification. |
1st messenger system of NSH | NSH binds to receptor to form HRC called first messenger, then G protiens cause ADENYLATE CYCLASE to become active, |
2nd messenger system | cAMP which converts inactive protein kinase to active. |
protein kinase | adds phosphate from an ATP creating a PHOSPHORYLATED protein |
what causes the 2nd messenger to stop the reaction | phosphodiesterase: eats up the excess cAMP |
thyroid gland makes | C cells- Calcitonin (lowers plasma) |
thyroid gland secretions influence | metabolic rate, protien synthesis and Ca++ balance |
Largest endocrine gland is the | thyroid gland |
thyroid gland is make up of | follicles |
thyroid lobes are connected by | isthmus |
follicles formed by epithelial cells produce | thyroglobulin |
T3 + T4 are made from | iodine and tyrosine second messenger hormones |
T3 + T4 do this in almost every cell | influence metabolic rate |
calcitonin make | parafollicular C cells |
this vitamin works with PTH to elevate blood calcium concentrate in the thyroid | vitamin D |
parathyroid glands make | parathyroid hormone |
CT | lowers blood calcium using osteoblast |
PTH | raises blood calcium using osteoclast |
hypothalamus produces | releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones |
IH + RH tell what gland what to do | anterior pituitary gland |
oxytocin and ADH are made and stored where | posterior pituitary gland |
the hypothalamus oversees the automatic nervous system and stimulates what | |
hypothalamus talks to both what | lobes of the pituitary |
hypothalamus is a master gland that makes most of the | releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones |
infundibulum | stalk connecting hypothalamus to the pituitary gland |
pituitary gland is located | in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone in the skull |
anterior lobe | adenohypophysis, granular tissue…etc |
posterior lobe | neurohypophysis, neurological tissues, stored hormones made in the hypothalamus. |
releasing hormones (5) | GHRH, somatostatin, TRH, CRH, GRH, VIP |
nurohormonal control | concentrated, small batches of neurohormones can be manufactured by hypothalamus |
melanocyte-stimulating hormone | MSH |
hormone producing cells are | HPC |
how many major hormones are made in the anterior pituitary | 7 |
Created by:
cambridgedavis
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