Chapter 26 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
which compartment has the largest volume of water? | ICF |
the most intracellular electrolyte is | potassium |
the most abundant extracellular electrolyte is | sodium |
what hormone helps excrete & get rid of sodium? | ANP |
which compartment has the smallest volume of water? | plasma |
the type of fluid that varies the most is | water loss in urine |
the ___ drains blood from the glomereular capillaries | efferent arteriole |
least abundant ion in interstitial fluid? | calcium |
driving force for water intake? | thirst mechanism |
osmolality measures the body's... | water balance & electrolytes |
this type of water loss is unavoidable. water leaves the body via skin or lungs. | obligatory water loss |
sensible water loss consist of.... | sweat, urine, feces |
baroreceptors detect... | pressure changes |
rising BP causes vasodilation which leads to... | water loss |
lowering BP causes vasoconstriction which... | conserves sodium & water |
female sex hormones increase renal retention of sodium. they also... | enhance sodium & water excretion in urine |
which hormone promotes sodium reabsorption to maintain blood volume & pressure? | aldosterone |
ANP inhibits which hormones release? | aldosterone. ADH. renin |
excess potassium can .... | decrease action potential - leads to depolarization |
not enough potassium can cause ___ | nonresponsiveness |
potassium is required for... | neuromuscular junction |
too much or too little potassium can... | interrupt heart's electrical activity - can lead to death |
reabsorption of calcium occurs in which tubule? | DCT |
calcium is regulated by ___ | PTH |
what is alkalosis? | blood pH over 7.45 |
when a blood pH is 7.35 and under, it is referred to as_ | acidosis |
how do we regulate acidosis & alkalosis? | chemical buffers. brain stem respiratory centers. renal mechanisms. |
chemical buffers are activated... | instanteously |
how long does it take brain stem respiratory centers to activate? | within minutes |
this type of regulation takes a couple of hours to a day to regulate.. | renal mechanism |
the renal mechanism is able to make.... | the biggest changes |
respiratory acidosis has... | low pH & low CO2 partial pressures |
respiratory alkalosis has a ___ and __ | high pH & high CO2 partial pressure |
when too much carbon dioxide has been accumulated...it is known as ___ | respiratory acidosis |
shallow breathing is apart of respiratory __ | acidosis |
when you exhale too much air too quickly, it can lead to hyperventilation which is referred to as ___ ___ | respiratory alkalosis |
this type of pH imbalance has a low pH and bicarbonate level. | metabolic acidosis |
in metabolic alkalosis, the pH and bicarbonate levels are... | high |
___ and __ are causes of metabolic alkalosis | vomiting - ingestion of antacids |
excess alcohol ingestion, excessive loss of HCO3, accumulation of lactic acid, ketosis, kidney failure happens due to the result of... | metabolic acidosis |
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