Chapter 23 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
the ___ digests food, breaks down into smaller fragments through lining of the blood | alimentary canal |
the pharynx functions in __ in the digestive system | swallowing |
what parts of the alimentary canal is involved in peristalsis? | esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine |
everything in the GI tract is composed of simple columnar tissue except for ___ which is composed of what type of tissue? | mouth, esophagus, anus - stratified squamous |
the __ produce a variety of secretions that helps you break down food | accessory organs |
the accessory organs include: | teeth, tongue, gallbladder, pancreas, liver & salivary glands |
processes of the digestive system. | ingestion. propulsion. mechanical breakdown. digestion. absorption. defecation. |
food moving through the GI tract is known as: | propulsion |
propulsion includes... | peristalsis & swallowing |
what 3 things happen in mechanical breakdown? | segmentation, mixing & churning |
the passage of digested end products (water, vitamins, minerals) from GI tract to blood/lymph is called... | absorption |
__ is the only part of the digestive process done by the large intestine... | defecation |
innermost layer of the alimentary wall | mucosa |
what is the outermost layer of the alimentary wall | serosa |
this layer functions in nourishment | submucosa |
this layer increases the surface area and is known for absorption, protection and it secretes mucous. | mucosa |
the mucosa is made up of what kind of tissue? | epithelium. lamina propia & muscularis mucosa |
the lamina propia is known for.... | absorption |
the epithelium tissue in the mucosa... | eases food passages |
this alimentary layer has a circular & longitudinal layer.. | muscularis externa |
parasympathetic has an impulse on the alimentary canal by.... | activates peristalsis, stimulates salivation & gastric secretions |
which ANS system stimulates dehydration, thickens saliva, and decreases rate of stomach emptying? | sympathetic |
the palatine muscles... | monitor for bacteria & can activate immune response |
what enzyme begins digestion in the mouth? | amylase |
the tongue mixes food with saliva forming it into a compact mass called | bolus |
the temporary storage tank where chemical proteins & food is converted to chyme is known as... | the stomach |
the __ controls the stomach emptying | pyloric sphincter |
the stomach is responsible for... | mechanical breakdown, digestion (mostly protein), & secretes intrinsic factor |
intrinsic factor is required for... | absorption of b12 |
the stomach has 3 layers instead of 2 because.... | it helps food get broken down into smaller fragments ramming it into the small intestine |
the surface epithelium cells... | secrete protective mucous |
this type of cell secretes HCl & intrinsic factor which makes the stomach extremely acidic.... | parietal cells |
the mucous neck cell function is... | unknown |
this type of cell secrets pepsinogen & lipases... | chief cells |
the enterendocrine cells secretes... | chemical messengers like histamine, gastrin, somatsin, and serotine |
stimulatory events for the cephalic phase of gastric secretion consists of ... | sight & thought of food and stimulation of taste & smell receptors |
the inhibitory events for the cephalic phase of gastric secretion consist of... | loss of appetite and depression |
excesive acidity would be a ___ event of the ___ phase of gastric secretion | inhibitory - gastric |
rising pH activates chemo-receptors & activation of stretch receptors results in what part of the gastric secretion? | stimulatory event - gastric phase |
the stomach starts to stretch and empty into the duodenum in what phase... | stimulatory event - intestinal |
what happens in the inhibitory event of the intestinal phase? | presence of fatty acids or chyme - irritant in duodenum |
hepatocytes store glucose & glycogen and use amino acids to make... | plasma proteins |
bilrubin... | gives bile its yellow color -comes from hemoglobin |
bile helps remove ___ | cholesterol |
function of the gallbladder | stores bile that's not needed immediately |
the ___drains bile into duodenum via common bile duct – helps with fat absorption | gallbladder |
___ emulsify fats within small intestine - makes more digestible | bile salts |
this organ produces enzymes to break food. | pancreas |
this stimulates gallbladder contraction & stimulates release o pancreatic enzymes | CCK |
CCK is released in response to... | fats & proteins in chyme |
___ stimulates secretion of bicarbonate acid | secretin |
secretin inhibits... | gastrin & gastric acid secretion |
___stimulates liver cells to secret bile | secretin |
proteases | breaks proteins into amino acid |
amylases | breaks down carbohydrates |
nucleases | breaks down nucleic acids |
lipases | breaks down fats |
why are proteases activated in duodenum? | protects pancreas from digesting itself |
most digestion & absorption is done here... | small intestine |
the most common notion of the small intestine is... | segmentation |
3 division of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
in the small intestine, most digestion occurs here. | duodenum |
what division does most absorption occur in the small intestine? | jejunum & ileum |
structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine. | circular folds, villi and microvilli |
folds of the mucosa | circular folds |
folds of the plasma membrane | microvilli |
folds of the epithelium | villi |
this structure forces chyme through lumen slowing movement allowing time for nutrient absorption | circular folds |
the finger-like projections, the blood network here... | villi |
this include the brush-border enzymes that completes digestions of the carbohydrates & proteins... | microvilli |
the large intestine functions in.... | producing vitamins, stores feces & completing digestion and absorption |
what happens in the small intestine after a meal? | segmentation - slow rate of peristalsis |
what happens in between meals in the small intestine during the migrating motor complex? | peristalsis sweeps contents towards large intestine - waves initiated every 90-120 min |
digestion of carbohydrates begins in ... | the mouth |
constipation is caused by... | insufficient fiber intake |
the condition that rushes food residue into the large intestine is callesd | diarrhea |
the first movement of the large intestine known as haustral conrtractions occurs... | every 30 min - slow segmenting movements |
during mass movements..what occurs? | mass peristalsis, low-slow contractile waves |
mass movements occur ___ | during or just after eating , happens 3-4 times a day |
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