Chapter 6 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Entire framework of bones and their cartilages, and ligaments | skeletal system |
New bone tissue is made by | ostoblasts |
Resorption of old bone tissue by | osteoclasts |
The study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders | osteology |
6 functions of the skeletal system | 1. support 2.protection of internal organs 3.movement 4.mineral homeostasis 5.hemopoiesis 6.storage of fat |
7 bone structures | 1.epiphysis 2.metaphysis 3.diaphysis 4.articular cartilage 5.periosteum 6.medullary cavity 7.endosteum |
Epiphysis | ends of a long bone (proximal or distal) |
Metaphysis | where diaphysis and epiphysis meet (growth plate) |
Diaphysis | shaft/body |
Articular cartilage | thin layer of hyaline that reduces friction and absorbs shock |
Periosteum | tough connective tissue covering outside of bone |
Meduallary cavity | fat/yellow marrow lightens weight of bone |
Endosteum | thin membranous inner lining of meduallary cavity |
Sharpey's perforating fibers | holds the periosteum on (Velcro) |
The first hole in the bone where the first artery came out of while in the womb | nutrient foramina |
Mineral salts | deposited in extracellular matrix (hydroxyapatite) |
Calcification | hardness of bone (child to adult) |
Flexibility | depends of collagen fibers |
Osteoclasts | break bone down |
3 types of bone cells | 1.osteoblasts (immature cell, secrete osteoid) 2.osteocytes (mature cells, maintain hardened bone) 3.osteoclasts (release calcium) |
Compact bone | dense along diaphysis and at epiphysis |
Spongy bone | lightweight provides support and only at the ends of bone |
What makes up compact (cortical) bone? | 80% of sketeton 1.osteon 2.central canal 3.concentric lamellae 4.lacunae 5.canaliculi |
Osteon | "tree" structural units of bone |
Central canal | contains artery and vein |
Concentric lamellae | circular rings of matrix |
Lacunae | "little lakes" where osteocytes live |
Canaliculi | "small channels" how osteocytes breathe, eat, and connect |
Spongy (trabecular) bone | 20% of skeleton no osteons always inside bone oriented along stress lines to transfer force |
Trabeculae | thin columns of bone |
Fills spaces between trabeculae in blood producing bones | red marrow |
Fills spaces between trabeculae in all other bones (adipose tissue) | yellow marrow |
When long bone stops growing after puberty and are visible on x-rays | epiphyseal lines |
Stages of fracture | 1.bleeding forms a clot 2.callus (young bone) 3.remodeling |
Disorganized, immature woven bone | calluses |
Homeostasis is maintained by | calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
Puts the bone in (blast) | calcitonin |
Takes bone out (clast) | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
How long does it take to loose one-third of bone mass because of inactivity? | 3 weeks |
Bones become thinner and weaker with age (30-40) | osteopenia |
Severe bone loss | osteoporosis |
Open (compound) fracture | complete break where some of the bone is out of the skin |
Comminuted | complete break that fragments the body |
Greenstick | incomplete break that occurs on the convex surface of the bone |
Impacted | occurs at an angle |
Potts | breaks on one side and tears on the other |
Colles | fall on out stretched hand (FOOSH) |
Most common broken carpal bone (wrist) | scaphoid carpal bone |
Fossa | shallow, basin like depression |
Condyle | rounded articular projection |
Epicondyle | raised area above a condyle |
Head | bony expansion on a narrow neck |
Trochanter | large, blunt, irregular surface |
Tuberosity | rounded projection |
Process | any bony prominence |
Crest | narrow, prominent ridge of bone |
Line | narrow ridge of bone |
Fovea | small pit like indent |
Tubercle | small rounded projection |
Ramus | arm like bar of bone |
Spine | sharp, slender projection |
Foramen | round or oval opening through a bone |
Fissure | narrow, slit like opening |
Meatus | canal-like passageway |
Sinus | space within a bone |
Created by:
swesley11
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