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Chapter 6
Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Entire framework of bones and their cartilages, and ligaments | skeletal system |
| New bone tissue is made by | ostoblasts |
| Resorption of old bone tissue by | osteoclasts |
| The study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders | osteology |
| 6 functions of the skeletal system | 1. support 2.protection of internal organs 3.movement 4.mineral homeostasis 5.hemopoiesis 6.storage of fat |
| 7 bone structures | 1.epiphysis 2.metaphysis 3.diaphysis 4.articular cartilage 5.periosteum 6.medullary cavity 7.endosteum |
| Epiphysis | ends of a long bone (proximal or distal) |
| Metaphysis | where diaphysis and epiphysis meet (growth plate) |
| Diaphysis | shaft/body |
| Articular cartilage | thin layer of hyaline that reduces friction and absorbs shock |
| Periosteum | tough connective tissue covering outside of bone |
| Meduallary cavity | fat/yellow marrow lightens weight of bone |
| Endosteum | thin membranous inner lining of meduallary cavity |
| Sharpey's perforating fibers | holds the periosteum on (Velcro) |
| The first hole in the bone where the first artery came out of while in the womb | nutrient foramina |
| Mineral salts | deposited in extracellular matrix (hydroxyapatite) |
| Calcification | hardness of bone (child to adult) |
| Flexibility | depends of collagen fibers |
| Osteoclasts | break bone down |
| 3 types of bone cells | 1.osteoblasts (immature cell, secrete osteoid) 2.osteocytes (mature cells, maintain hardened bone) 3.osteoclasts (release calcium) |
| Compact bone | dense along diaphysis and at epiphysis |
| Spongy bone | lightweight provides support and only at the ends of bone |
| What makes up compact (cortical) bone? | 80% of sketeton 1.osteon 2.central canal 3.concentric lamellae 4.lacunae 5.canaliculi |
| Osteon | "tree" structural units of bone |
| Central canal | contains artery and vein |
| Concentric lamellae | circular rings of matrix |
| Lacunae | "little lakes" where osteocytes live |
| Canaliculi | "small channels" how osteocytes breathe, eat, and connect |
| Spongy (trabecular) bone | 20% of skeleton no osteons always inside bone oriented along stress lines to transfer force |
| Trabeculae | thin columns of bone |
| Fills spaces between trabeculae in blood producing bones | red marrow |
| Fills spaces between trabeculae in all other bones (adipose tissue) | yellow marrow |
| When long bone stops growing after puberty and are visible on x-rays | epiphyseal lines |
| Stages of fracture | 1.bleeding forms a clot 2.callus (young bone) 3.remodeling |
| Disorganized, immature woven bone | calluses |
| Homeostasis is maintained by | calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Puts the bone in (blast) | calcitonin |
| Takes bone out (clast) | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| How long does it take to loose one-third of bone mass because of inactivity? | 3 weeks |
| Bones become thinner and weaker with age (30-40) | osteopenia |
| Severe bone loss | osteoporosis |
| Open (compound) fracture | complete break where some of the bone is out of the skin |
| Comminuted | complete break that fragments the body |
| Greenstick | incomplete break that occurs on the convex surface of the bone |
| Impacted | occurs at an angle |
| Potts | breaks on one side and tears on the other |
| Colles | fall on out stretched hand (FOOSH) |
| Most common broken carpal bone (wrist) | scaphoid carpal bone |
| Fossa | shallow, basin like depression |
| Condyle | rounded articular projection |
| Epicondyle | raised area above a condyle |
| Head | bony expansion on a narrow neck |
| Trochanter | large, blunt, irregular surface |
| Tuberosity | rounded projection |
| Process | any bony prominence |
| Crest | narrow, prominent ridge of bone |
| Line | narrow ridge of bone |
| Fovea | small pit like indent |
| Tubercle | small rounded projection |
| Ramus | arm like bar of bone |
| Spine | sharp, slender projection |
| Foramen | round or oval opening through a bone |
| Fissure | narrow, slit like opening |
| Meatus | canal-like passageway |
| Sinus | space within a bone |
Created by:
swesley11
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