IPHY 3410- exam 2 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
cardiac and smooth muscle cells are surrounded by what | endomysium |
what is at intercalated disk | gap junction and desmosome |
circular vs. longitudinal layer | circular closer to lumen; they're perpendicular to one another |
3 types of joints | fibrous, cartilagenous, synovial |
immobile joint | synarthrosis |
slightly moveable joint | amphiarthrotic |
freely moveable | diarthrotic |
3 types of fibrous joints | suture, syndesmoses, gomphoses |
fibrous joints are made of | dense regular connective tissue |
syndesmoses | amphiarthrotic, connect bones together |
two types of cartilagenous joints | symphysis and synchrondrosis |
synchrondrosis | bones united by hyaline cartilage |
epiphyseal plate is an example of | a synchondrosis (cartilagenous joint) |
what type of connective tissue comprises the strongest portion of an articular capsule | dense irregular CT |
synovial fluid | blood filtrate containing glycoproteins; nourishes chondrocytes |
what secretes synovial fluid | fibroblast |
the articular disc is what in the knee | meniscus |
rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of synovial membrane |
what is the inflamed joint synovium in rheumatoid arthritis called | pannus |
pannus in rheumatoid arthritis can turn into what | scar tissue and thus fusing of bones |
osteoarthritis | articular cartilage breaksn down via normal enzyme activity or overuse; bone-to-bone contact results |
gouty arthritis | uric acid build up in synovial joints and forms a tophus |
translational joints | can move in multiple directions but only within one plane |
uniaxial joints: | can only move around 1 axis |
biaxial joints | moves around 2 axes |
multiaxial joints | 3+ axes |
hinge joint | humerus and ulna (uniaxial) |
pivot joint | humerus and radius (uniaxial) |
plane joint | carpals/tarsals (translational) |
condyloid joint | knuckle joint (biaxial) |
saddle joint | 1st metacarpal-carpal joint (biaxial) |
ball and socket joint | shoulder (multiaxial) |
6 joint movement types | hinge, pivot, plane, condyloid, saddle, ball&socket |
bursa | closed fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane/filled with synovial fluid |
tendon sheath | an elongated bursa that wraps around tendons in high friction areas |
carpal tunnel syndrome | inflammation of tendon sheaths, puts pressure on nerve passing through carpal tunnel |
how many bones in knee joint | 3 (femur, patella, tibia) |
2 "joints" in knee | tibiofemoral and femoropatellar |
what type of joint is the femoropatellar joint | plane |
bicondylar hinge joint | articulations between both the lateral and medial condyles |
what type of joint is tibiofemoral | biaxial hinge joint |
what do collateral ligaments do | stop leg extension |
what do cruciate ligaments do | allow knee to lock |
ACL does what | prevents anterior sliding of tibia |
PCL | prevents anterior sliding of femur |
function of menisus | enlarge contact between femur and tibia, guide/support condyles, increase weight bearing surface area |
what 2 parts of knee are frequently torn together | medial meniscus and MCL (tibial collateral ligament), (and ACL) |
strain vs sprain | sprain is ligament, strain is tendon/muscle |
3 parts of mucosa | epithelium, lamina propria (w/ mucosa associated lymphoid tissue), muscularis mucosa |
3 things in submucosa | vascularized, glands, nerves |
muscularis externa | nerve plexus, 2 layers (circular and longitudinal) |
what type of tissues found in serosa | simple squamous epithelium w/ a thin layer of loose aerolar CT |
the esophagus is not... | contained within a cavity lined by a serous membrane |
what forms outer layer of esophagus? | adventita |
2 nerve plexuses | myenteric and submucosal |
what does myenteric nerve plexus control | peristalsis and segmentation |
what does submucosal nerve plexus control | gland secretions and muscularis mucosa contrations |
tongue is covered in what type of epithelium | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
what is the line under the tongue called? | lingual frenulum |
4 functions of saliva | cleanses teeth, dissolves food (taste), digestive enzymes, contains mucous |
2 cell types in salivary glands | serous cells and mucous cells |
parotid gland | salivary gland- serous cells (largest salivary gland) |
submandibular gland | both serous and mucous cells |
sublingual gland and duct | mucous cells |
different shapes of teeth for different jobs | heterodont dentition |
baby teeth name/how many | deciduous teeth (20) |
# of roots and cusps premolars | 2+ cusps, 1 or 2 roots |
# of roots and cusps molars | 4-5 cusps, 2-3 roots |
pulp is made of | loose areolar CT (blood vessels and nerves) |
dentin- comprised of what and what cells produce it | created by odontoblasts (collagen+minerals- bone like), |
enamel- made of what and what cell produces it? | 99% calcium (layer added during development by ameloblasts) |
cementum | calcified connective tissue (replaced by cementoblasts) |
periodontal ligaments- what type of tissue? | dense CT that attaches cementum to bony socket |
hypoplastic dentition | kids w/ celiac disease (issues with enamel, only occurs in kids because enamel isn't produced in adults) |
where is muscularis externa skeletal muscle | pharynx for swallowing, top of esophagus |
muscularis externa in esophagus | upper third: skeletal, middle third: mix, lower third: smooth |
type of epithelium in stomach | simple columnar epithelium |
what is found at boundary between gastric pits and gastric gland | undifferentiated stem cells |
stomach cells replaced every ___ days | 3-7 |
Alexis St Martin | gastric fistula from bullet wound |
sphincter between pancreatic/bile ducts and duodenum | hepatopancreatic sphincter |
ingested fats stimulate | CCK production, release of bile |
presence of acid stimulates | secretin production, release of pancreatic juice |
what transports fats out of small intestine | lacteal |
goblet cells | (small intestine/colon) secrete mucus to protect epithelium- more in colon than si |
paneth cells | (small intestine) destroy bacteria |
Peyer's patch | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue found in small intestine |
epithelium type found in colon | simple columnar |
internal anal sphincter | smooth muscle |
external anal sphincter | skeletal muscle |
what are the veins in the anal canal called | hemorrhoidal |
gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile |
what's in bile? | cholesterol, bile acids, salts, bilirubin |
gallstones | formed of cholesterol, precipitates out of bile when stored in gallbladder |
what hormone controls release of bile into duodenum? | CCK |
what are pancreatic exocrine cells called? | acinar |
what controls release of pancreatic juices? | secretin |
what produces intrinsic factor | parietal cells |
what produces HCl | parietal cells |
4 functions of respiratory system | remove CO2/bring in O2, sound, smell, protection |
conducting zone | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles |
functions of conducting zone | transport air in/out, filter, warm/humidify |
respiratory zone | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli |
mucous membrane definition | epithelium+lamina propria |
what divisions of the pharynx must handle food? | oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
type of epithelium in nasopharynx | pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
type of epithelium in oropharynx | stratified squamous |
type of epithelium in laryngopharynx | stratified squamous |
what kind of cartilage makes up the epigottis | elastic |
where does pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium return in the larynx? | below the vocal folds |
castrati | males castrated before puberty; high voice and long legs |
function of carina | initiates cough reflex |
branching of bronchiole tree | main (primary), lobar (secondary), segmental (tertiary) |
how many lobes and lobar bronchi in right lung? | 3, 3 |
how many lobes and lobar bronchi in left lung? | 2, 2 |
how many total segments left lung | 8-10 |
how many total segments right lung | 10 |
If a joint can move, does it necessarily have an axis of rotation? | No, a joint can slide without rotating |
What articular surface feature is common to ALL JOINTS THAT HAVE AN AXIS OF ROTATION but is not seen in joints that move in a plane | curved surfaces |
Can a synovial joint that has no axis of rotation be diarthrotic | yes, because it moves in a plane and diarthrotic joints are freely moving. |
What types of joints would be affected by a virus that specifically damages cartilage in the body? | cartilagenous and synovial |
As you travel through the alimentary canal from the mouth to the small intestine, how does the type of epithelium change | It changes from stratified squamous to simple columnar |
How is the mucosa layer of the large intestine similar to that of the small intestine | Both have absorptive cells that absorb water. Both have goblet cells for lubrication and protection. Both contain Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) |
Which cell types of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine normally produce mucus | goblet cells (SI/colon), mucous cells in stomach, mucous neck cells in stomach |
Contraction of which skeletal muscle(s) allow for inhalation of air into the lungs? | external intercostals and diaphragm |
In the respiratory system, what type of epithelium is most common in the respiratory zone | Simple squamous to allow gas exchange |
premature babies w/out surfactant | more energy to inflate alveoli |
What structure(s) make up the respiratory membrane? | basement membrane, simple squamous of capillary, simple squamous of alveoli |
What are the shapes of Type I and Type II cells and how does the shape related to the function? | Type I cells are squamous because they are involved in gas exchange and Type II cells are cuboidal because they are secretory. |
what is the term to describe stretching a tendon? | strain |
synchondrosis | synarthrotic joint w/ hyaline cartilage joining bones |
where is bile SECRETED | duodenum |
which layers of alimentary canal have nerve plexus | muscularis externa and submucosa |
what SI structure secretes alkaline mucus | duodenal glands |
how many premolars | 8 (4 pairs) |
vocal folds are stretched between what 2 cartilages | thyroid and arytenoid |
elastic connective tissue encasing alveolar sacs is called what | stroma |
space between vocal folds | rima glottidis |
Created by:
melaniebeale
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