Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
IPHY 3410- exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cardiac and smooth muscle cells are surrounded by what | endomysium |
| what is at intercalated disk | gap junction and desmosome |
| circular vs. longitudinal layer | circular closer to lumen; they're perpendicular to one another |
| 3 types of joints | fibrous, cartilagenous, synovial |
| immobile joint | synarthrosis |
| slightly moveable joint | amphiarthrotic |
| freely moveable | diarthrotic |
| 3 types of fibrous joints | suture, syndesmoses, gomphoses |
| fibrous joints are made of | dense regular connective tissue |
| syndesmoses | amphiarthrotic, connect bones together |
| two types of cartilagenous joints | symphysis and synchrondrosis |
| synchrondrosis | bones united by hyaline cartilage |
| epiphyseal plate is an example of | a synchondrosis (cartilagenous joint) |
| what type of connective tissue comprises the strongest portion of an articular capsule | dense irregular CT |
| synovial fluid | blood filtrate containing glycoproteins; nourishes chondrocytes |
| what secretes synovial fluid | fibroblast |
| the articular disc is what in the knee | meniscus |
| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of synovial membrane |
| what is the inflamed joint synovium in rheumatoid arthritis called | pannus |
| pannus in rheumatoid arthritis can turn into what | scar tissue and thus fusing of bones |
| osteoarthritis | articular cartilage breaksn down via normal enzyme activity or overuse; bone-to-bone contact results |
| gouty arthritis | uric acid build up in synovial joints and forms a tophus |
| translational joints | can move in multiple directions but only within one plane |
| uniaxial joints: | can only move around 1 axis |
| biaxial joints | moves around 2 axes |
| multiaxial joints | 3+ axes |
| hinge joint | humerus and ulna (uniaxial) |
| pivot joint | humerus and radius (uniaxial) |
| plane joint | carpals/tarsals (translational) |
| condyloid joint | knuckle joint (biaxial) |
| saddle joint | 1st metacarpal-carpal joint (biaxial) |
| ball and socket joint | shoulder (multiaxial) |
| 6 joint movement types | hinge, pivot, plane, condyloid, saddle, ball&socket |
| bursa | closed fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane/filled with synovial fluid |
| tendon sheath | an elongated bursa that wraps around tendons in high friction areas |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | inflammation of tendon sheaths, puts pressure on nerve passing through carpal tunnel |
| how many bones in knee joint | 3 (femur, patella, tibia) |
| 2 "joints" in knee | tibiofemoral and femoropatellar |
| what type of joint is the femoropatellar joint | plane |
| bicondylar hinge joint | articulations between both the lateral and medial condyles |
| what type of joint is tibiofemoral | biaxial hinge joint |
| what do collateral ligaments do | stop leg extension |
| what do cruciate ligaments do | allow knee to lock |
| ACL does what | prevents anterior sliding of tibia |
| PCL | prevents anterior sliding of femur |
| function of menisus | enlarge contact between femur and tibia, guide/support condyles, increase weight bearing surface area |
| what 2 parts of knee are frequently torn together | medial meniscus and MCL (tibial collateral ligament), (and ACL) |
| strain vs sprain | sprain is ligament, strain is tendon/muscle |
| 3 parts of mucosa | epithelium, lamina propria (w/ mucosa associated lymphoid tissue), muscularis mucosa |
| 3 things in submucosa | vascularized, glands, nerves |
| muscularis externa | nerve plexus, 2 layers (circular and longitudinal) |
| what type of tissues found in serosa | simple squamous epithelium w/ a thin layer of loose aerolar CT |
| the esophagus is not... | contained within a cavity lined by a serous membrane |
| what forms outer layer of esophagus? | adventita |
| 2 nerve plexuses | myenteric and submucosal |
| what does myenteric nerve plexus control | peristalsis and segmentation |
| what does submucosal nerve plexus control | gland secretions and muscularis mucosa contrations |
| tongue is covered in what type of epithelium | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| what is the line under the tongue called? | lingual frenulum |
| 4 functions of saliva | cleanses teeth, dissolves food (taste), digestive enzymes, contains mucous |
| 2 cell types in salivary glands | serous cells and mucous cells |
| parotid gland | salivary gland- serous cells (largest salivary gland) |
| submandibular gland | both serous and mucous cells |
| sublingual gland and duct | mucous cells |
| different shapes of teeth for different jobs | heterodont dentition |
| baby teeth name/how many | deciduous teeth (20) |
| # of roots and cusps premolars | 2+ cusps, 1 or 2 roots |
| # of roots and cusps molars | 4-5 cusps, 2-3 roots |
| pulp is made of | loose areolar CT (blood vessels and nerves) |
| dentin- comprised of what and what cells produce it | created by odontoblasts (collagen+minerals- bone like), |
| enamel- made of what and what cell produces it? | 99% calcium (layer added during development by ameloblasts) |
| cementum | calcified connective tissue (replaced by cementoblasts) |
| periodontal ligaments- what type of tissue? | dense CT that attaches cementum to bony socket |
| hypoplastic dentition | kids w/ celiac disease (issues with enamel, only occurs in kids because enamel isn't produced in adults) |
| where is muscularis externa skeletal muscle | pharynx for swallowing, top of esophagus |
| muscularis externa in esophagus | upper third: skeletal, middle third: mix, lower third: smooth |
| type of epithelium in stomach | simple columnar epithelium |
| what is found at boundary between gastric pits and gastric gland | undifferentiated stem cells |
| stomach cells replaced every ___ days | 3-7 |
| Alexis St Martin | gastric fistula from bullet wound |
| sphincter between pancreatic/bile ducts and duodenum | hepatopancreatic sphincter |
| ingested fats stimulate | CCK production, release of bile |
| presence of acid stimulates | secretin production, release of pancreatic juice |
| what transports fats out of small intestine | lacteal |
| goblet cells | (small intestine/colon) secrete mucus to protect epithelium- more in colon than si |
| paneth cells | (small intestine) destroy bacteria |
| Peyer's patch | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue found in small intestine |
| epithelium type found in colon | simple columnar |
| internal anal sphincter | smooth muscle |
| external anal sphincter | skeletal muscle |
| what are the veins in the anal canal called | hemorrhoidal |
| gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile |
| what's in bile? | cholesterol, bile acids, salts, bilirubin |
| gallstones | formed of cholesterol, precipitates out of bile when stored in gallbladder |
| what hormone controls release of bile into duodenum? | CCK |
| what are pancreatic exocrine cells called? | acinar |
| what controls release of pancreatic juices? | secretin |
| what produces intrinsic factor | parietal cells |
| what produces HCl | parietal cells |
| 4 functions of respiratory system | remove CO2/bring in O2, sound, smell, protection |
| conducting zone | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles |
| functions of conducting zone | transport air in/out, filter, warm/humidify |
| respiratory zone | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli |
| mucous membrane definition | epithelium+lamina propria |
| what divisions of the pharynx must handle food? | oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
| type of epithelium in nasopharynx | pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
| type of epithelium in oropharynx | stratified squamous |
| type of epithelium in laryngopharynx | stratified squamous |
| what kind of cartilage makes up the epigottis | elastic |
| where does pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium return in the larynx? | below the vocal folds |
| castrati | males castrated before puberty; high voice and long legs |
| function of carina | initiates cough reflex |
| branching of bronchiole tree | main (primary), lobar (secondary), segmental (tertiary) |
| how many lobes and lobar bronchi in right lung? | 3, 3 |
| how many lobes and lobar bronchi in left lung? | 2, 2 |
| how many total segments left lung | 8-10 |
| how many total segments right lung | 10 |
| If a joint can move, does it necessarily have an axis of rotation? | No, a joint can slide without rotating |
| What articular surface feature is common to ALL JOINTS THAT HAVE AN AXIS OF ROTATION but is not seen in joints that move in a plane | curved surfaces |
| Can a synovial joint that has no axis of rotation be diarthrotic | yes, because it moves in a plane and diarthrotic joints are freely moving. |
| What types of joints would be affected by a virus that specifically damages cartilage in the body? | cartilagenous and synovial |
| As you travel through the alimentary canal from the mouth to the small intestine, how does the type of epithelium change | It changes from stratified squamous to simple columnar |
| How is the mucosa layer of the large intestine similar to that of the small intestine | Both have absorptive cells that absorb water. Both have goblet cells for lubrication and protection. Both contain Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) |
| Which cell types of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine normally produce mucus | goblet cells (SI/colon), mucous cells in stomach, mucous neck cells in stomach |
| Contraction of which skeletal muscle(s) allow for inhalation of air into the lungs? | external intercostals and diaphragm |
| In the respiratory system, what type of epithelium is most common in the respiratory zone | Simple squamous to allow gas exchange |
| premature babies w/out surfactant | more energy to inflate alveoli |
| What structure(s) make up the respiratory membrane? | basement membrane, simple squamous of capillary, simple squamous of alveoli |
| What are the shapes of Type I and Type II cells and how does the shape related to the function? | Type I cells are squamous because they are involved in gas exchange and Type II cells are cuboidal because they are secretory. |
| what is the term to describe stretching a tendon? | strain |
| synchondrosis | synarthrotic joint w/ hyaline cartilage joining bones |
| where is bile SECRETED | duodenum |
| which layers of alimentary canal have nerve plexus | muscularis externa and submucosa |
| what SI structure secretes alkaline mucus | duodenal glands |
| how many premolars | 8 (4 pairs) |
| vocal folds are stretched between what 2 cartilages | thyroid and arytenoid |
| elastic connective tissue encasing alveolar sacs is called what | stroma |
| space between vocal folds | rima glottidis |
Created by:
melaniebeale
Popular Anatomy sets