Ch9A&P Articulations Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Term | Definition |
JOINTS ARE CLASSIFIED STRUCTURALLY BASED ON | THEIR ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONALLY BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF MOVEMENT THEY PERMIT |
THE STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS IS BASED ON | (1) the presence or absence of a space between the articulating bones, called a synovial cavity, and (2) the type of connective tissue that holds the bones together |
Structurally, joints are classified as one of the following types | Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints |
Fibrous joints | The bones are held together by dense connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers, and there is no synovial cavity |
Cartilaginous joints | The bones are held together by cartilage, and there is no synovial cavity |
Synovial joints | The bones are united by the dense connective tissue of an articular capsule and oƞen by accessory ligaments, and there is a synovial cavity. |
The functional classification of joints relates to | the degree of movement they permit |
Functionally, joints are classified as one of the following types: | SYNARTHROSIS AMPHIARTHROSIS DIARTHROSIS |
SYNARTHROSIS | An immovable joint |
AMPHIARTHROSIS | A slightly movable joint. |
DIARTHROSIS | A freely movable joint. All are synovial joints. They have a variety of shapes and permit several different types of movements. |
fibrous joints | lack a synovial cavity, and the articulating bones are held very closely together by dense connective tissue. Permit little or no movement. |
The three types of fibrous joints are | sutures, syndesmoses, and interosseous membranes. |
A _______is a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense connective tissue. they occur only between bones of the skull | Suture |
Their irregular, interlocking edges of ________give them added strength and decrease their chance of fracturing. In older individuals, they are immovable (synarthroses), but in infants and children they are slightly movable (amphiarthroses) They play imp | sutures |
the area where two or more bones meet, or where a bone and cartilage, or a bone and teeth, meet. | A joint, or articulation |
Most movements of the body occur at | joints |
Joints are classified | structurally and functionally |
Structural classification of joints is based on | (1) presence or absence of a synovial cavity (2) the type of connective tissue binding the bones together |
Fibrous joints include | sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. |
A suture is composed of | thin dense connective tissue |
Sutures are synarthroses and are only found in | the skull |
Some sutures, called _______, are present during childhood but eventually get replaced by _______ tissue in adulthood | synostoses, osseous |
In a syndesmosis, the dense connective tissue of a ligament unites the | bones and permits slight movement |
gomphosis | a peg-in-a-socket joint composed of a bone held in its bony socket by a periodontal ligament. It is a synarthrosis; the only examples in the human body are the teeth. |
Interosseous membranes | slightly movable joints found between the radius and ulna in the forearm and the tibia and fibula in the leg. |
Cartilaginous joints lack a synovial cavity and are held together by | cartilage |
Cartilaginous joints include | synchondroses and symphyses. |
synchondrosis | composed of hyaline cartilage and is a synarthrosis. |
symphysis | has fibrocartilage connecting the bones at their articular cartilage surfaces; it is an amphiarthrosis |
Articulating surfaces of bones at a synovial joint are covered with __________ and enclosed within a ___________. | articular cartilage, synovial cavity |
. All synovial joints have a _______that allows the joint to function as a diarthrosis. The bones have a covering of _______on their articulating surfaces to reduce friction and________. | synovial cavity, articular cartilage, absorb shock |
The synovial cavity is enclosed by a sleevelike _______ composed of an outer _________ that helps stabilize the joint and an inner _______. | articular capsule, fibrous membrane, synovial membrane |
The synovial membrane secretes a viscous, clear ______ that forms a thin film over the articular capsule surfaces to reduce friction, absorb shock, supply oxygen and nutrients, and remove wastes. | synovial fluid |
Accessory ligaments | located inside and outside the articular capsule are often found at synovial joints. |
Certain synovial joints, like the knee, have pads of fibrocartilage, called_______ , lying between the articular surfaces of the bones and attached to the fibrous membrane. | articular menisci |
These discs stabilize the joint and direct the flow of synovial fluid to areas of greatest friction. | articular menisci |
Bursae | sacs lined with a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid. They cushion adjacent body parts at certain joints and help alleviate friction between them. |
tendon sheaths | Tubelike bursae wrap around muscle tendons to prevent friction |
Synovial joint movement terminology indicates the | direction of movement or the relationships of body parts during movement |
Movements at synovial joints are grouped into four categories: | (1) gliding, (2) angular movements, (3) rotation (4) special movements. |
Gliding | occurs at plane joints where flat bone surfaces move back and forth and side to side in relation to one another without alteration of the angles between the bones. |
Angular movements | occur when the angle between articulating bones increases or decreases during movement. Angular movements include flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction |
Flexion | a decrease in the angle between articulating bones |
extension | an increase in the angle between articulating bones |
When flexion occurs laterally along the frontal plane, rather than along the sagittal plane, it is . When body parts at a joint undergo extension beyond their the sagittal plane, it is | lateral flexion |
When body parts at a joint undergo extension beyond their anatomical position, it is | hyperextension |
Abduction | the movement of a bone away from the midline |
adduction | the movement of a bone toward the midline |
Circumduction | movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle. It results from a sequence of movements: flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction |
Rotation | involves a bone revolving around its own axis. In medial rotation a limb rotates toward the midline; in lateral rotation a limb rotates away from the midline |
Special movements occur only at certain joints. These include | elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition. |
extension | an increase in the angle between articulating bones |
When flexion occurs laterally along the frontal plane, rather than along the sagittal plane, it is . When body parts at a joint undergo extension beyond their the sagittal plane, it is | lateral flexion |
When body parts at a joint undergo extension beyond their anatomical position, it is | hyperextension |
Abduction | the movement of a bone away from the midline |
adduction | the movement of a bone toward the midline |
Circumduction | movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle. It results from a sequence of movements: flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction |
dorsiflexion | Bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of its superior surface |
Rotation | involves a bone revolving around its own axis. In medial rotation a limb rotates toward the midline; in lateral rotation a limb rotates away from the midline |
Special movements occur only at certain joints. These include | elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition. |
elevation | Upward movement of a body part |
depression | downward movement of a body part |
protraction | Movement of a body part anteriorly in the transverse plane |
retraction | movement of a protracted body part back to the anatomical position |
inversion | Moving the soles of the feet medially |
eversion. | moving the soles laterally |
dorsiflexion | Bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of its superior surface |
plantar flexion. | bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of its inferior surface |
Supination | movement of the forearm resulting in the palm facing anteriorly |
pronation | the movement of the forearm resulting in the palm facing posteriorly. |
opposition. | Movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint across the palm to touch the fingertips |
Synovial joints are described as | plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, or ball-and-socket |
plane joint | the articulating surfaces are flat, and the bones glide back and forth and side to side; they may also permit rotation |
hinge joint | the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, and the motion is angular around one axis. |
pivot joint | a round or pointed surface of one bone fits into a ring formed by another bone and a ligament, and movement is rotational. |
condyloid joint | an oval projection of one bone fits into an oval cavity of another, and motion is angular around two axes; examples include the wrist joint and metacarpophalangeal joints of the second through fifth digits. |
saddle joint | the articular surface of one bone is shaped like a saddle and the other bone fits into the saddle like a sitting rider. |
ball-and-socket joint | the ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cuplike depression of another. Motion is around three axes. |
The shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints provide examples of | synovial joint components, classifications, and movements |
The shoulder joint is formed by the | head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. |
Anterior and superior ligaments help reinforce the joint, and four bursae help reduce friction | shoulder joint |
Most joint stability comes from the rotator cuff muscles and their tendons that encircle the joint | shoulder joint |
This joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction | shoulder joint |
The elbow joint is a hinge joint formed by the | trochlea of the humerus, the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius |
It is stabilized by strong ligaments. This joint permits flexion and extension of the forearm | elbow joint |
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the | head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone |
Its articular capsule is dense and strong, and reinforced by several strong ligaments | hip joint |
The acetabulum is a deep socket that secures articulation with the femur | hip joint |
Rotation and every angular movement are permitted; however, the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as the shoulder joint because of its strong ligaments. | hip joint |
The knee joint is the body’s | largest and most complex joint |
The weak, incomplete articular capsule is strengthened by the muscle tendon of the anterior thigh muscles and other tendons and ligaments | knee joint |
The tibial and fibular collateral ligaments give the joint stability | knee joint |
Created by:
fieldslady80
Popular Anatomy sets