A&P Chapter 17 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
What structures do the URT contain? | Everything located outside of the thoracic cavity; from the larynx up |
What structures do the LRT contain? | Everything located inside the thoracic cavity; from the trachea down |
What is the purpose of the nasal cavity? | Moisten and warm inhaled air, mucus in the nasal cavity collects inhaled dust, preventing it from entering the lungs |
What Is the pharynx? | Muscular tube, commonly called the "throat" |
What structures are in the pharynx? | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, & Laryngopharynx |
What is the nasopharynx? | Lies just behind the soft palate, contains openings for the Eustachian tubes |
What is the Oropharynx? | Space between the soft palate and base of the tongue; contains tonsils |
What is the Laryngopharynx? | Passes dorsal to the larynx & connects to the esophagus |
What does the larynx do? | Prevent food & liquids from entering the trachea; acts a passageway between the pharynx and trachea; also produces sound |
What is the trachea? | Large tube supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage; often called the windpipe |
What is the epiglottis responsible for? | Directing food and liquids into the esophagus during swallowing. |
What do the vestibular folds do? | Prevent food from entering the airway |
What are the Bronchi? | Large tubes (one for each lung) that serve as a passageway for air |
How many lobes does the right lung have? | Three |
How many lobes does the left lung have? | Two - to allow room for the heart |
What is the result of the right bronchus being wider & more vertical than the left? | It is the most likely location for aspirated (inhaled) food particles and small objects to lodge |
What is the Carina? | Cartilaginous ridge at the end of the trachea |
What are the bronchioles? | Small airways that lack supportive cartilage |
Why do the lung passages exist? | To serve the alveoli |
What occurs within the alveoli? | Gas exchange |
What are the alveoli wrapped in? | Fine mesh of capillaries that allow for efficient gas exchange |
What must happen before a gas enters or leaves a cell? | Must be dissolved in a liquid |
What is the alveolus coated in? | Thin layer of fluid |
What does the thin layer of fluid that coats the alveolus contain? | Surfactant |
What is the purpose of surfactant? | Helps reduce the surface tension (for of attraction between water molecules) to keep the alveolus form collapsing as air moves in & our during respiration |
What is the pleura? | Space between the visceral & parietal pleurae; the two membranes are normally separated only by a film of slippery pleural fluid |
What are the two parts of pulmonary ventilation? | Inspiration & expiration |
What do both inspiration & expiration depend on? | Respiratory muscles; mainly the diaphragm Difference between air pressure within the lungs and outside the body |
What respiratory muscles are used during inspiration? | External intercostal pull the ribs upward & outward; internal intercostals help elevate the ribs; the diaphragm contracts, flattens & drops, pressing the abdominal organs downward and enlarging the thoracic cavity. Air rushes in |
During times of forced/labored breathing, what accessory muscles of respiration assist with breathing? | Sternocleidomastoids & scalenes (muscles of neck), pectoralis minor (chest muscle) contact to help elevate the chest |
What is the inspiration center & where is it located? | Primary respiratory center located in the medulla |
What is the pneumatacic center? | Prevents lung overinflation |
What is the expiratory center and where is it located? | Used for forceful exhalations located in the medulla |
What are the factors that influence breathing? | Oxygen levels, hydrogen ions (pH), stretch, pain & emotion, irritants |
What happens when a persons O2 levels get low? | Peripheral chemoreceptors (in corotid & aortic bodies) detect low blood levels of oxygen & signal the medulla to increase rate & depth of respirations to bring in more oxygen |
What drives pressure & airflow? | Atmospheric pressure |
What are the factors that affect airflow? | Pulmonary compliance (elasticity), alveolar surface tension (the inner surface of each alveoli) is covered with a thin film of water, which is necessary for gas exchange |
What is a pneumothorax? | When thoracic wall is punctured, causing negative pressure which causes thelung recoil & collapse |
What is tidal volume? | Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing |
What is inspiratory reserve volume? | Amount of air inhaled using maximum effort after normal inspiration |
What is apnea? | Temporary cessation of breathing |
What is dyspnea? | Labored or difficulty breathing |
What is hyperventilation? | Increased rate & depth of respirations, resulting in lowered blood levels of CO2; often results from anxiety |
What is orthopnea? | Labored breathing that occurs when the a person is lying down flat but improves when standing or sitting up; classic symptom of left ventricular failure |
What does gas exchange depend on? | Differences in pressure |
Explain gas exchange | The partial pressures of O2 & CO2 vary between the air we breathe, the alveoli, arterial blood, and venous blood. These variations in pressure allow the body to absorb oxygen and expel CO2 |
What is the primary regulator of respiration? | Carbon dioxide |
What is the primary way that O2 is transported in the blood? | In the form of oxyhemoglobin |
How is most of the CO2 in the body transported? | In the form of bicarbonate ions |
Created by:
tandkhopkins
Popular Anatomy sets