Module 8 A&P Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Endocrine Glands | Ductless; secret hormones directly into the bloodstream |
Endocrine Glands | Respond slowly; exerts long-lasting effects |
Endocrine Glands | Adapts slowly to continual stimulation |
Exocrine Glands | Have ducts that secrete out of body |
Steroid Hormone | pass easily through a cells membrane; bind to receptors in the nucleous |
Second messenger system | A Cascades of processes that influence a cells response to a hormone |
Pituitary Gland | influences more body processes than any other endocrine gland |
Anterior Pituitary Gland | is larger than the posterior and consist of glandular tissue |
Anterior Pituitary Gland | Synthesizes and secretes hormones under the direction of hypothalamus |
hormones of the anterior pituitary | stimulates other endocrine cells to release their hormones |
Thyroid-stimulating hormone; or thyrotropin | Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone |
prolactin | stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secret corticosteroids |
Follicle stimulating hormone | stimulates the production of eggs and ovaries of females |
Luteinizing hormone | stimulates ovulation in females |
Growth Hormone; or somatotropin | acts of entire body to promote protein synthesis,lipid, and carb metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth |
Posterior pituitary gland | Stores the hormones antidurectic hormone and oxytocin which are synthesized by hypothalamus |
oxytocin | stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation |
ADH (or Vasopressin) | acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration |
Negative Feedback | |
Pineal gland | produces melantonin, hormone that controls sleep/wake cycle |
thymus | is a member of the endocrine and immune systems |
thyroid hormone | secreted by T3, T4, and calcitonin |
thyroid hormone | Exposure to cold stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone, which increasing metabolic rate and heat production |
Parafollicular cells | Secrete calcitonin in response to increasing blood calcium levels |
Parathyroid hormone | exerts influences on bone, kidneys, and intestines |
Parathyroid hormone- Bone | Inhibits new bone formation and stimulates the breakdown of old bone |
Parathyroid hormone- Kidney | Reabsorb calcium, Activate vitamin D |
Parathyroid hormone- intestines | Vitamin D is important for intestinal absorption of calcium |
Zona Fasciculata | Secretes glucocorticoids; most active during stress |
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) | Acts on kidneys to promote Na retention and K excretion; also cause water retention |
Glucocorticoids ( Cortisol) | -aid in repair of damage tissue,- have anti-inflammatory effect,- aid in maintaining blood pressure,- suppress the immune system secret over long term |
Sex steriods: | Sex Steriods |
Pancreas | Sits behind the stomach, contains both endocrine and exocrine ; mostly exocrine, secrets digestive enzymes into small intestines |
pancreas | Islets contain several different types of cells.... main ones are alpha,beta, and delta |
Alpha cells | secretes the hormone glucogon between meals, when blood glucose levels decline |
Beta cells | Secrete the hormone insulin, stimulates cells to take up more glucose |
Glucagon | stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose when blood sugar falls |
Catecholamines | Boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen |
Glucocorticoids | convert fat and protein to glucose |
insulin triggers two reactions | stimulates cells to take up more glucose and and liver takes glucose and stores as glycogen |
Type 2 diabetes | a loss of insulin receptors on target cells leading to insulin resistance |
Type 1 diabetes | deficiency of insulin resulting from destruction of beta cells of the pancreatic islets |
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Kylee_cheyenne
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