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Module 8 A&P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endocrine Glands | Ductless; secret hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| Endocrine Glands | Respond slowly; exerts long-lasting effects |
| Endocrine Glands | Adapts slowly to continual stimulation |
| Exocrine Glands | Have ducts that secrete out of body |
| Steroid Hormone | pass easily through a cells membrane; bind to receptors in the nucleous |
| Second messenger system | A Cascades of processes that influence a cells response to a hormone |
| Pituitary Gland | influences more body processes than any other endocrine gland |
| Anterior Pituitary Gland | is larger than the posterior and consist of glandular tissue |
| Anterior Pituitary Gland | Synthesizes and secretes hormones under the direction of hypothalamus |
| hormones of the anterior pituitary | stimulates other endocrine cells to release their hormones |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone; or thyrotropin | Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone |
| prolactin | stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secret corticosteroids |
| Follicle stimulating hormone | stimulates the production of eggs and ovaries of females |
| Luteinizing hormone | stimulates ovulation in females |
| Growth Hormone; or somatotropin | acts of entire body to promote protein synthesis,lipid, and carb metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth |
| Posterior pituitary gland | Stores the hormones antidurectic hormone and oxytocin which are synthesized by hypothalamus |
| oxytocin | stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of milk from the breast during lactation |
| ADH (or Vasopressin) | acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration |
| Negative Feedback | |
| Pineal gland | produces melantonin, hormone that controls sleep/wake cycle |
| thymus | is a member of the endocrine and immune systems |
| thyroid hormone | secreted by T3, T4, and calcitonin |
| thyroid hormone | Exposure to cold stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone, which increasing metabolic rate and heat production |
| Parafollicular cells | Secrete calcitonin in response to increasing blood calcium levels |
| Parathyroid hormone | exerts influences on bone, kidneys, and intestines |
| Parathyroid hormone- Bone | Inhibits new bone formation and stimulates the breakdown of old bone |
| Parathyroid hormone- Kidney | Reabsorb calcium, Activate vitamin D |
| Parathyroid hormone- intestines | Vitamin D is important for intestinal absorption of calcium |
| Zona Fasciculata | Secretes glucocorticoids; most active during stress |
| Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) | Acts on kidneys to promote Na retention and K excretion; also cause water retention |
| Glucocorticoids ( Cortisol) | -aid in repair of damage tissue,- have anti-inflammatory effect,- aid in maintaining blood pressure,- suppress the immune system secret over long term |
| Sex steriods: | Sex Steriods |
| Pancreas | Sits behind the stomach, contains both endocrine and exocrine ; mostly exocrine, secrets digestive enzymes into small intestines |
| pancreas | Islets contain several different types of cells.... main ones are alpha,beta, and delta |
| Alpha cells | secretes the hormone glucogon between meals, when blood glucose levels decline |
| Beta cells | Secrete the hormone insulin, stimulates cells to take up more glucose |
| Glucagon | stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose when blood sugar falls |
| Catecholamines | Boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen |
| Glucocorticoids | convert fat and protein to glucose |
| insulin triggers two reactions | stimulates cells to take up more glucose and and liver takes glucose and stores as glycogen |
| Type 2 diabetes | a loss of insulin receptors on target cells leading to insulin resistance |
| Type 1 diabetes | deficiency of insulin resulting from destruction of beta cells of the pancreatic islets |
Created by:
Kylee_cheyenne
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