Chapter 6 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
the skeletal cartilage is surrounded by a layer of dense connective irregular tissue called the ___ | perichondrium |
the perichondrium contains blood vessels for: | nutrient delivery |
skeletal muscles attach to bones by: | tendons |
3 types of cartilage: | hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic |
articular, costal, respiratory and nasal are all ___ cartilage | hyaline |
hyaline cartilage provides: | support, flexibility and resilience |
elastic cartilage contains: | elastic fibers |
external ear and epiglottis is ___ cartilage | elastic |
you can find fibrocartilage in: | menisci of knee, verterbal discs |
which cartilage provide great tensile strength? | fibrocartilage |
which function of bones is considered a "metabolic function"? | mineral and growth factor stage |
hematopoeisis is: | blood cell formation |
support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor stage, hemataopoesis, trigylceride and hormone production are the functions of the___ | bone |
fat storage is a.k.a | trigycleride |
fat is stored in: | bone cavities |
skeletal muscles use ___ as a lever to move the body and its parts | bone |
calcium and phosphate are released into the: | bloodstream |
___ protects against obesity, diabetes and glucose intolerance | hormone production |
osteocalan | a hormone that helps regulate bone formation |
___ makes up 90% of protein found in bone | collagen |
the humerus is a type of __ bone | long |
___ bones are longer than they are wide | long |
the sterum, scapulae, ribs and most skull bones are all __ bones | flat |
flat bones are: | thin, flat, slightly curved bones |
the spongy bone is called: | diploe |
the vertebral and coxal bones are ___ bones | irregular |
irregular bones are: | complicated shapes |
this bone varies in size and number in different people. it is also cubed shaped. | short bones |
short bone examples are: | wrists, ankles, kneecap (patella) |
this is a special type of short bone that forms in tendons &alter direction of pull | sesamoid bones |
appositional growth | growth from the outside |
increase in LENGTH of bones is ___ growth | appositional |
increase THICKNESS of bones is ___ | interstital growth |
Interstital growth involves growth from the__ | inside |
the compact bone has ___ | osteons |
the __ bone is the external layer and is smooth and solid | compact |
does the spongy bone have osteons? | |
honeycomb of flat pieces of bone deep to compact is called the ___ of the spongy bone | trabeculae |
this membrane covers the trabeculae of spongy bone | endosteum |
this white double layered membrane covers external surfaces except joint surfaces | periosteum |
hematopoietic tissue is a.k.a | red marrow |
osteoblasts: | build bone |
this cell of the bone tissue is responsible for bone growth. | osteoblast |
osteogenic cells are __ | active stem cells |
bone-forming cell that lies within a lacunae is called an: | osteocyte |
osteocytes __ and ___ bone matrix | monitor and maintain |
responsible for breaking the bone down - bone resorption cells | osteoclasts |
this hormone modulate activity of growth hormone and ensures proper proportions: | thyroid hormone |
the growth hormone is most important in: | infancy & childhood |
the hormone that promotes adolescent growth spurts: | testosterone (males) and estrogen (females) |
older bones are more brittle because: | calcium salts crystallize - fractures more easily |
chemical composition of bone: | organic and inorganic compounds |
the organic compounds of the bone are__ | bone cells and osteoids |
the inorganic compounds of the bone are___which make up 65% of mass | mineral salts |
what makes bones hard? | minerals: calcium + phosphate |
__ makes bones strong | collagen |
hematoma is: | a blood clot |
steps in fracture repair: | a hematoma forms, fibrocartilage callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs |
when a bone breaks, ___ in bone and surrounding tissues are__ | blood vessels, torn. |
calcium functions in? | muscle contraction, cell division, nerve impulse transmission |
final bone structure resembles to original b/c it responds to the same ___ | mechanical stressors |
reduction is a type of fracture treatment that: | realigns the broken ends of bones |
with a closed reduction ___ | physicians manipulate to correct position |
surgical pins or wires are needed to secure ends in an __ reduction | open |
bones has a good supply of __ and ___ | blood , nerves |
6 type of common fractures | comminuted, compression, spiral, greenstick, depressed & epiphyseal |
comminuted fracture | bone fragments into 3 or more pieces |
this fracture is particulary common in old people | comminuted fracture |
compression fracture | bone is crushed |
this fracture is common in a fall | compression fracture |
spiral fracture is a common ___ fracture | sports |
a ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone. this is classified as a ___ fracture | spiral |
___fracture is a common skull fracture | depressed |
depressed fracture is when: | a broken bone is pressed inward |
greenstick fracture | when a bone breaks incompletely |
in a greenstick fracture, one side of the shaft ___, while____ | breaks, the other side bends |
common fracture in children | greenstick |
when the epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate, this is classified as an ___ fracture | epiphyseal |
when cartilage cells are dying and calcification of matrix is occurring this is known as a: | epiphyseal fracture |
the parathyroid hormone controls: | blood calcium levels |
stress on bone build bones is known as: | wolfe's law |
hyperexcitability is when the levels are: | too low |
osteomalacia is: | soft weak bones - poorly mineralized |
in osteomalacia, ___ are not adequate | calcium salts |
osteomalacia of children is called: | rickets |
cause of rickets | vitamin D deficiency / insufficient calcium iintake |
bowed legs & other deformities form with: | rickets |
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Mariahj25
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