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Chapter 6
Bones & Skeletal tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the skeletal cartilage is surrounded by a layer of dense connective irregular tissue called the ___ | perichondrium |
| the perichondrium contains blood vessels for: | nutrient delivery |
| skeletal muscles attach to bones by: | tendons |
| 3 types of cartilage: | hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic |
| articular, costal, respiratory and nasal are all ___ cartilage | hyaline |
| hyaline cartilage provides: | support, flexibility and resilience |
| elastic cartilage contains: | elastic fibers |
| external ear and epiglottis is ___ cartilage | elastic |
| you can find fibrocartilage in: | menisci of knee, verterbal discs |
| which cartilage provide great tensile strength? | fibrocartilage |
| which function of bones is considered a "metabolic function"? | mineral and growth factor stage |
| hematopoeisis is: | blood cell formation |
| support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor stage, hemataopoesis, trigylceride and hormone production are the functions of the___ | bone |
| fat storage is a.k.a | trigycleride |
| fat is stored in: | bone cavities |
| skeletal muscles use ___ as a lever to move the body and its parts | bone |
| calcium and phosphate are released into the: | bloodstream |
| ___ protects against obesity, diabetes and glucose intolerance | hormone production |
| osteocalan | a hormone that helps regulate bone formation |
| ___ makes up 90% of protein found in bone | collagen |
| the humerus is a type of __ bone | long |
| ___ bones are longer than they are wide | long |
| the sterum, scapulae, ribs and most skull bones are all __ bones | flat |
| flat bones are: | thin, flat, slightly curved bones |
| the spongy bone is called: | diploe |
| the vertebral and coxal bones are ___ bones | irregular |
| irregular bones are: | complicated shapes |
| this bone varies in size and number in different people. it is also cubed shaped. | short bones |
| short bone examples are: | wrists, ankles, kneecap (patella) |
| this is a special type of short bone that forms in tendons &alter direction of pull | sesamoid bones |
| appositional growth | growth from the outside |
| increase in LENGTH of bones is ___ growth | appositional |
| increase THICKNESS of bones is ___ | interstital growth |
| Interstital growth involves growth from the__ | inside |
| the compact bone has ___ | osteons |
| the __ bone is the external layer and is smooth and solid | compact |
| does the spongy bone have osteons? | |
| honeycomb of flat pieces of bone deep to compact is called the ___ of the spongy bone | trabeculae |
| this membrane covers the trabeculae of spongy bone | endosteum |
| this white double layered membrane covers external surfaces except joint surfaces | periosteum |
| hematopoietic tissue is a.k.a | red marrow |
| osteoblasts: | build bone |
| this cell of the bone tissue is responsible for bone growth. | osteoblast |
| osteogenic cells are __ | active stem cells |
| bone-forming cell that lies within a lacunae is called an: | osteocyte |
| osteocytes __ and ___ bone matrix | monitor and maintain |
| responsible for breaking the bone down - bone resorption cells | osteoclasts |
| this hormone modulate activity of growth hormone and ensures proper proportions: | thyroid hormone |
| the growth hormone is most important in: | infancy & childhood |
| the hormone that promotes adolescent growth spurts: | testosterone (males) and estrogen (females) |
| older bones are more brittle because: | calcium salts crystallize - fractures more easily |
| chemical composition of bone: | organic and inorganic compounds |
| the organic compounds of the bone are__ | bone cells and osteoids |
| the inorganic compounds of the bone are___which make up 65% of mass | mineral salts |
| what makes bones hard? | minerals: calcium + phosphate |
| __ makes bones strong | collagen |
| hematoma is: | a blood clot |
| steps in fracture repair: | a hematoma forms, fibrocartilage callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs |
| when a bone breaks, ___ in bone and surrounding tissues are__ | blood vessels, torn. |
| calcium functions in? | muscle contraction, cell division, nerve impulse transmission |
| final bone structure resembles to original b/c it responds to the same ___ | mechanical stressors |
| reduction is a type of fracture treatment that: | realigns the broken ends of bones |
| with a closed reduction ___ | physicians manipulate to correct position |
| surgical pins or wires are needed to secure ends in an __ reduction | open |
| bones has a good supply of __ and ___ | blood , nerves |
| 6 type of common fractures | comminuted, compression, spiral, greenstick, depressed & epiphyseal |
| comminuted fracture | bone fragments into 3 or more pieces |
| this fracture is particulary common in old people | comminuted fracture |
| compression fracture | bone is crushed |
| this fracture is common in a fall | compression fracture |
| spiral fracture is a common ___ fracture | sports |
| a ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone. this is classified as a ___ fracture | spiral |
| ___fracture is a common skull fracture | depressed |
| depressed fracture is when: | a broken bone is pressed inward |
| greenstick fracture | when a bone breaks incompletely |
| in a greenstick fracture, one side of the shaft ___, while____ | breaks, the other side bends |
| common fracture in children | greenstick |
| when the epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate, this is classified as an ___ fracture | epiphyseal |
| when cartilage cells are dying and calcification of matrix is occurring this is known as a: | epiphyseal fracture |
| the parathyroid hormone controls: | blood calcium levels |
| stress on bone build bones is known as: | wolfe's law |
| hyperexcitability is when the levels are: | too low |
| osteomalacia is: | soft weak bones - poorly mineralized |
| in osteomalacia, ___ are not adequate | calcium salts |
| osteomalacia of children is called: | rickets |
| cause of rickets | vitamin D deficiency / insufficient calcium iintake |
| bowed legs & other deformities form with: | rickets |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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