Muscles Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
Extensibility | the ability to be stretched. |
Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
Epimysium | a connective tissue sheath that surrounds a skeletal muscle. |
Fascia | another connective tissue that is located outside the epimysium. |
Fasciculi (Fascicle) | muscle composed of numerous visible bundles. |
Perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds fasciculi. |
Fibers | single muscle cells. |
Endomysium | connective tissue sheath. |
Myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. |
Actin Myofilaments | thin myofilaments. They resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together. |
Myosin Myofilaments | thick myofilaments. They resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. |
Sarcomeres | the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle. |
Resting Membrane Potential | the charge difference across the membrane. |
Action Potential | the brief reversal back of the charge. |
Motor Neurons | are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
Synapse | near the center of the cell. |
Motor Unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers that it innervates. |
Presynaptic Terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal. |
Synaptic Cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell. |
Synaptic Vesicles | secretes the neurotransmitter. |
Acetylcholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell. |
Acetylcholinesterase | yields only one action potential in the skeletal muscle and only one contraction of the muscle cell (breaks it down). |
Sliding Filament Mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction. |
Muscle Twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
Threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until the stimulus reaches this level |
All-or-None Response | the muscle fiber will contract maximally. |
Lag Phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. |
Contraction Phase | the time of contraction. |
Relaxation Phase | the time during which the muscle relaxes. |
Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
Recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated. |
Creatine Phosphate | when at rest they can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule. |
Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen. |
Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen (more efficient). |
Oxygen Debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. |
Muscle Fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster |
Isometric | (equal distance) the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. |
Isotonic | (equal tension) the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. |
Muscle Tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced bu muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up and back straight. |
Fast Twitch Fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism. Ex. white meat of a chicken's breast. |
Slow Twitch Fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. They are better suited for aerobic metabolism. Ex. dark meat of a duck's breast or the legs of a chicken. |
Origin | (head) is most stationary end of the muscle. |
Insertion | is the end undergoing the greatest movement. |
Belly | the portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion |
Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
Prime Mover | a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
Nomenclature | (names that are descriptive) location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
Orbicularis Oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. |
Orbicularis Oris | puckers the lips |
Buccinator | flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter's muscle |
Orbicularis Oris & Buccinator | kissing muscles |
Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
Levator Labii Superioris | sneering |
Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
Mastication | chewing |
Temporalis & Masseter | 2 pairs of mastication |
Intrinsic Tongue Muscle | change the shape of the tongue |
Extrinsic Tongue Muscle | move the tongue |
Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
Erector Spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
External Intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
Internal Intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing |
Linea Alba | consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle (tendinous area of the abdominal wall) |
Rectus Abdominis | on each side of the linea alba |
Tendinous Inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented. |
Trapezius | rotates scapula |
Serratus Anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
Pectoralis Major | adducts and flexes the arm |
Latissimus Dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. "Swimmer muscle." |
Pectoralis Major & Latissimus Dorsi | attaches the arm to the thorax |
Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. |
Triceps Brachii | (3 heads / antagonists) extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm |
Biceps Brachii | (2 heads / antagonists) flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. |
Brachialis | flexes the forearm |
Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
Retinaculum | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction |
Flexor Carpi | flexes the wrist |
Extensor Carpi | extends the wrist |
Flexor Digitorium | flexes the fingers |
Extensor Digitorium | extends the fingers |
Intrinsic Hand Muscles | 19 hand muscles located within the hand |
Interossi | located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers |
Gluteus Maximus | buttocks. Contributes most of the mass of the buttocks. |
Gluteus Medius | hip muscle and common injection site |
Quadriceps | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
Sartorius | "tailors muscle" flexes the thigh |
Hamstring | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh (wolves kill this way) |
Gastrocnemius (left) & Soleus (right) (back view) | form the calf muscles. They join to form the calcaneal tendon |
Calcaneal Tendon (Achilles Tendon) | flex the foot and toes |
Peroneus | the lateral muscles of the leg "planters flexion (turning the lateral side of the foot outward) |
Intrinsic Foot | 20 muscles located within the foot. Muscles flex, extend, abduct, and adduct the toes |
Created by:
Iyanna Patrick
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