chem reveiw Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
The nucleus of an atom is made of? | Protons and neutrons |
what moves around the nucleus and carry a negative charge? | electrons |
the outer energy shell of the atom is called | the valence shell |
which part of the atom determines how it will interect with other atoms | valence electrons |
what is a element | substance in its simplest form |
can an element be broken down | no it can not |
what is an ion | atoms or mocules that carry an electrical charge |
what is an cation | atoms that have lost electrons |
what is an anion | atoms that have gaind electrons |
how do you know how many electrons were lost or gained | the number of - or + they have connected to them |
what is a molecule | 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond. |
what is an example of a molecule | O2, H2, H2O,CO2 |
What is a compound | Made up of atoms of two or more different elements, regardless of the type of bond joining them |
Can a compound be a molecule | No |
Can a compound be an ionic or covalent bond | Yes, bond doesn't matter |
What is a free radical | An ion or molecule that contains unpaired electrons |
How does an ion or molecule become a free radical | Normal metabolic reactions, chemicals that enter the body from chemicals , |
Why are too many free radicals bad | Can cause a chain reactions, cause oxidative stress |
What is an ionic bond | Chemical bonds treated by the electrical attraction between anions and cations.Disassociates in water |
How is an ionic bond created | Losing or gaining electrons |
What do ionic bonds do when dissolved in water | Separate from each other |
What is it called when they dissolve in water | Disassociation |
What are some examples of ironically bonded compounds | HCL, NaCL |
What is a covalent bond | Allows atoms to complete there outer shells by sharing electrons |
How is a covalent bond created | By loosing and gaining electrons |
What is the terminology when a covalent bond shares one, two and three pairs of electrons | Single, double, triple covalent bonds |
What is a polar covalent bond | The electrons spend more time on one end than the other on a molecule |
What is the most common polar covalent bonded molecule in the body | Water |
What is hydrogen bond | Exists between 2 polar molecules that contain hydrogen |
What are 2 most common hydrogen bonded molecules in the body | H2O, DNA |
What is a no polar covalent bond | Both molecules are neutral , so they spend equal time around eachother |
What is activation energy | The amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
How do enzymes affect activation energy | By lowering activation energy requirements |
What is an electrolyte | Soluble in organic molecules who is ion will conduct an electrical current in solutions |
How are electrolyte created in the body | Dissolved in water in the body Siri |
What does hydrophobic Mean | Not attracted to water ex. Fats,oils,lipids |
What does hydrophilic mean | Attracted to water. Ex. Acids,bases,salts,sugars,phosphate heads |
What's does logarithm I mean on the ph scale | Each number on the ph scale is 10x more or less increased then the next or before number |
What pH is considered neutral | pH 7 (10-7) |
What does a pH of 6 mean | Acidic |
What does a pH of 8 mean | Base |
How do you know if something is an acid | Disassociative solution and releases hydrogen And something else. Ex. HCL |
How do you know if something is a base | Salute that removes hydrogen ions from solutions breaks down into OH-. Ex. HCO3- |
How do you know if something is a salt | They dissociate completely into cations and anions |
What is a buffer | Does remove or replace H+ in the body temporarily |
What nutrient acts a buffer in the blood | Proteins |
What is glycogen | Storable glucose |
Where is glycogen stored | Muscle skeletal cells and liver cells |
What hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen | Insulin |
What is the breakdown of glycogen called | Glycogenolysis |
What is a triglyceride | glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
Is triglycerides hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
What are the functions of a triglycerides | Energy source, protection, insulation |
What is a saturated fat | All carbons are bond to hydrogen. Hard @room temp. |
Are saturated fats hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
What is an unsaturated fat | Double covalent bond not all bonded to hydrogen very flexible fatty acid |
Unsaturated fats hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
Why are saturated fatty acid stiffer than unsaturated fats | All the spots are filled with hydrogen |
What are some of the uses for steroids | Maintain growth and division, sex hormones, tissue metabolism, bile salts maintain plasma membrane |
Are steroids hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
What is cholesterol | A lipid. A steroid made in the liver used to make cell membranes amd hormones |
Is cholesterol hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
What are the two ways the body can obtain cholesterol | Diet and synthesis within the body |
What is the construction of a phospholipid | Glycerol with 2 fatty acids, phosphate group |
What part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic | Non-lipid heads |
What part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic | Fatty acid tails |
What are the basic functions of proteins | Support and structural, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic coordination and defense |
What are the building blocks of proteins | Amino acids |
What are peptide bonds | Covalent bonds that hydrogen bonds along the length of the chain |
How do proteins get twisted | The hydrogen bonding how long the bond holds them to become twisted |
What is denaturation | When proteins are destroyed |
What causes denaturation | Heat acidic environment |
What is an enzyme | A substance that helps speed up chemical reactions |
What is enzymes functions | Lowers activation energy requirements |
What is a substrate | What the chemical is going to be changed to by the enzyme |
What is a product | What the chemical is called after it changed , what it becomes |
What is a cofactor/coenzyme | Vitamins and minerals necessary for enzymes to work |
What are some examples of cofactors and coenzymes | Iron zinc calcium magnesium and B vitamins |
What is a nucleic acid | Chains or strands of proteins |
What is a nucleic acid made out of | Nucleotides |
What kind of chemical bond holds them | covalent bonds |
What is the function of nucleic acid's | Store and transfer information at the mu macular lava that's necessary for protein synthesis in the cell |
What are two nucleic acid's | DNA and RNA |
What is the primary function of ATP | Stores and transfer energy from one mic molecule to another |
What is ATP made out of | Three phosphate groups's plus a nuclear tide |
What is AMP | Adenosine monophosphate |
What is ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
Comparing ATP and ADP in AMP what's one contains the most potential energy | ATP |
Created by:
Ashleyzdanowicz18
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