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chem reveiw
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nucleus of an atom is made of? | Protons and neutrons |
| what moves around the nucleus and carry a negative charge? | electrons |
| the outer energy shell of the atom is called | the valence shell |
| which part of the atom determines how it will interect with other atoms | valence electrons |
| what is a element | substance in its simplest form |
| can an element be broken down | no it can not |
| what is an ion | atoms or mocules that carry an electrical charge |
| what is an cation | atoms that have lost electrons |
| what is an anion | atoms that have gaind electrons |
| how do you know how many electrons were lost or gained | the number of - or + they have connected to them |
| what is a molecule | 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond. |
| what is an example of a molecule | O2, H2, H2O,CO2 |
| What is a compound | Made up of atoms of two or more different elements, regardless of the type of bond joining them |
| Can a compound be a molecule | No |
| Can a compound be an ionic or covalent bond | Yes, bond doesn't matter |
| What is a free radical | An ion or molecule that contains unpaired electrons |
| How does an ion or molecule become a free radical | Normal metabolic reactions, chemicals that enter the body from chemicals , |
| Why are too many free radicals bad | Can cause a chain reactions, cause oxidative stress |
| What is an ionic bond | Chemical bonds treated by the electrical attraction between anions and cations.Disassociates in water |
| How is an ionic bond created | Losing or gaining electrons |
| What do ionic bonds do when dissolved in water | Separate from each other |
| What is it called when they dissolve in water | Disassociation |
| What are some examples of ironically bonded compounds | HCL, NaCL |
| What is a covalent bond | Allows atoms to complete there outer shells by sharing electrons |
| How is a covalent bond created | By loosing and gaining electrons |
| What is the terminology when a covalent bond shares one, two and three pairs of electrons | Single, double, triple covalent bonds |
| What is a polar covalent bond | The electrons spend more time on one end than the other on a molecule |
| What is the most common polar covalent bonded molecule in the body | Water |
| What is hydrogen bond | Exists between 2 polar molecules that contain hydrogen |
| What are 2 most common hydrogen bonded molecules in the body | H2O, DNA |
| What is a no polar covalent bond | Both molecules are neutral , so they spend equal time around eachother |
| What is activation energy | The amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| How do enzymes affect activation energy | By lowering activation energy requirements |
| What is an electrolyte | Soluble in organic molecules who is ion will conduct an electrical current in solutions |
| How are electrolyte created in the body | Dissolved in water in the body Siri |
| What does hydrophobic Mean | Not attracted to water ex. Fats,oils,lipids |
| What does hydrophilic mean | Attracted to water. Ex. Acids,bases,salts,sugars,phosphate heads |
| What's does logarithm I mean on the ph scale | Each number on the ph scale is 10x more or less increased then the next or before number |
| What pH is considered neutral | pH 7 (10-7) |
| What does a pH of 6 mean | Acidic |
| What does a pH of 8 mean | Base |
| How do you know if something is an acid | Disassociative solution and releases hydrogen And something else. Ex. HCL |
| How do you know if something is a base | Salute that removes hydrogen ions from solutions breaks down into OH-. Ex. HCO3- |
| How do you know if something is a salt | They dissociate completely into cations and anions |
| What is a buffer | Does remove or replace H+ in the body temporarily |
| What nutrient acts a buffer in the blood | Proteins |
| What is glycogen | Storable glucose |
| Where is glycogen stored | Muscle skeletal cells and liver cells |
| What hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen | Insulin |
| What is the breakdown of glycogen called | Glycogenolysis |
| What is a triglyceride | glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
| Is triglycerides hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
| What are the functions of a triglycerides | Energy source, protection, insulation |
| What is a saturated fat | All carbons are bond to hydrogen. Hard @room temp. |
| Are saturated fats hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
| What is an unsaturated fat | Double covalent bond not all bonded to hydrogen very flexible fatty acid |
| Unsaturated fats hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
| Why are saturated fatty acid stiffer than unsaturated fats | All the spots are filled with hydrogen |
| What are some of the uses for steroids | Maintain growth and division, sex hormones, tissue metabolism, bile salts maintain plasma membrane |
| Are steroids hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
| What is cholesterol | A lipid. A steroid made in the liver used to make cell membranes amd hormones |
| Is cholesterol hydrophilic or hydrophobic | Hydrophobic |
| What are the two ways the body can obtain cholesterol | Diet and synthesis within the body |
| What is the construction of a phospholipid | Glycerol with 2 fatty acids, phosphate group |
| What part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic | Non-lipid heads |
| What part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic | Fatty acid tails |
| What are the basic functions of proteins | Support and structural, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic coordination and defense |
| What are the building blocks of proteins | Amino acids |
| What are peptide bonds | Covalent bonds that hydrogen bonds along the length of the chain |
| How do proteins get twisted | The hydrogen bonding how long the bond holds them to become twisted |
| What is denaturation | When proteins are destroyed |
| What causes denaturation | Heat acidic environment |
| What is an enzyme | A substance that helps speed up chemical reactions |
| What is enzymes functions | Lowers activation energy requirements |
| What is a substrate | What the chemical is going to be changed to by the enzyme |
| What is a product | What the chemical is called after it changed , what it becomes |
| What is a cofactor/coenzyme | Vitamins and minerals necessary for enzymes to work |
| What are some examples of cofactors and coenzymes | Iron zinc calcium magnesium and B vitamins |
| What is a nucleic acid | Chains or strands of proteins |
| What is a nucleic acid made out of | Nucleotides |
| What kind of chemical bond holds them | covalent bonds |
| What is the function of nucleic acid's | Store and transfer information at the mu macular lava that's necessary for protein synthesis in the cell |
| What are two nucleic acid's | DNA and RNA |
| What is the primary function of ATP | Stores and transfer energy from one mic molecule to another |
| What is ATP made out of | Three phosphate groups's plus a nuclear tide |
| What is AMP | Adenosine monophosphate |
| What is ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
| Comparing ATP and ADP in AMP what's one contains the most potential energy | ATP |
Created by:
Ashleyzdanowicz18
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