Anatomy Chapter 23 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
reproductive cells (ovum, sperm) | gametes |
reproductive cells fused together | zygote |
essential organs for reproduction (testes, ovaries) | gonads |
located in the scrotum, which is suspended outside of the body cavity behind the penis. 1-3 degrees cooler which is important for sperm production and survival. | testes |
secrete the male sex hormone (testosterone) | interstitial cells |
sperm production | spermatogenesis |
secretes follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone | anterior pituitary gland |
type of cell division. 23 chromosomes | meiosis |
sperm head, contains the nucleus with genetic material. It has a cap like structure containing enzymes that enable the sperm to break down the covering of the ovum | acrosome |
masculinizes, development of male accessory organs, stimulating effect on protein anabolism. | testosterone |
consists of a single and very tightly coiled tube. sperm develop the ability to move or swim. | epididymis |
painful inflammation of the epididymis | epididymitis |
tube that permits sperm to exit from the epididymis and pass from the scrotal sac upward into the abdominal cavity | vas deferens |
passes through the substance of the prostate gland and permits sperm to empty into the urethra. | ejaculatory duct |
term used to describe the mixture of cells or sperm produced by the testes. Usually 3-5 mL. 1mL= 20-100 million sperm. Slightly alkaline | semen |
pouchlike glands that contribute about 60% of the seminal fluid volume. provides a source of energy for the highly motile sperm | seminal vesicles |
lies just below the bladder and is shaped like a doughnut. secretes a thin, milk-colored fluid that constitutes about 30 % of the total seminal fluid volume, activates the sperm | prostate gland |
cowper glands, mucus like secretions of these glands lubricate the terminal portion of the urethra to decrease friction damage to sperm at the time of ejaculation and contribute less than 5% of the seminal fluid volume. | bulbourethral glands |
the skin of the distal end of the penis is folded doubly to form a loose-fitting retractable collar around the glans | foreskin |
surgical removal of the foreskin | circumcision |
abnormally low ability to reproduce | infertility |
inability to reproduce | sterility |
sperm count low. | oligospermia |
possible factors for oligospermia | infection, fever, radiation, malnutrition, and high temperature in the testes |
baby born with undescended testes | cryptorchidism |
noncancerous condition common problem in older men. Characterized by an enlargement of the prostate gland | benign prostatic hypertrophy |
surgical removal of a part of the prostate gland or the entire gland | prosatectomy |
when the intestines push through the weak area of the abdominal wall that separates the abdominopelvic cavity from the scrotum | inguinal hernia |
production of female gametes | oogensis |
the ovary secretes sex hormones | estrogen and progesterone |
development and maturation of female reproductive organs, breast development, development of body contours, initiation of the first menstrual cycle. | Estrogen |
stimulates proliferation and vascularization of the epithelial lining of the uterus and acts with estrogen to initiate the menstrual cycle in girls entering puberty | progesterone |
removal of ovaries | oophorectomy |
surgical removal of uterus | hysterectomy |
menstrual cramps | dysmenorrhea |
absence of normal menstruation | amenorrhea |
irregular or excessive uterine bleeding that most often results from either a hormonal imbalance or some type of structural problem that causes disruption of blood supply | dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
occurs as either an acute or chronic inflammatory condition that can be caused by several different pathogens, which usually spread upward from the vagina | pelvic inflammatory disease |
inflammation or infection of the vaginal lining | vaginitis |
enlarged ovaries that usually are studded with fluid-filled cysts. high levels of testosterone | polycystic ovary syndrome |
very common fluid-filled cysts that develop either from follicles that fail to rupture completely or from corpora lutea that fail to degenerate | ovarian cysts |
lump removal | lumpectomy |
removal of entire breast | mastectomy |
virus: immune system impairment. | AIDS |
fungus: yeast infection | candidiasis |
virus: blisters on the skin of the genitals | genital herpes |
virus: warts of the skin covering the genitals | genital warts |
protozoan: intestinal infection | giardiasis |
bacterium: involves the genital and urinary tracts | gonorrhea |
virus: liver inflammation | hepatitis |
bacterium: genital ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, and muscle pain | lymphogranuloma venereum |
animal: itch mite | scabies |
bacterium: chancre sores | syphilis |
protozoan: urological infection | trichomoniasis |
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