Chapter 3-5 Anatomy Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Integumentary System | Skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands |
albin/o | white |
bi/o | life |
cry/o | cold |
cutane/o | skin |
cyan/o | blue |
derm/o | skin dermat/o |
diaphr/o | profuse sweating |
electr/o | electricricity |
erythr/o | red |
hidr/o | sweat |
icthy/o | scaly, dry |
kerat/o | hard, horney |
leuk/o | white |
lip/o | fat |
melan/o | black |
myc/o | fungus |
necr/o | death |
onych/o | nail |
pil/o | hair |
phot/o | light |
py/o | pus |
rhytid/o | wrinkle |
-derma | skin |
-opsy | view |
-tome | instrument used to cut |
allo- | other, different |
xeno- | strange, foreign |
scler/o | hard |
seb/o | oil |
trich/o | hair |
ungu/o | nail |
vesic/o | bladder |
xer/o | dry |
Apocrine | sweat gland, regulates internal temp, has an odor, opens into the hair follicles located in pubic, anal, and mammary areas |
Subaceous | oil gland, produces sebum which lubricates the surface of the skin, has no odor. |
Epidermis | outer most layer of the skin, lowest layer is the Basal layer which contains melanocytes and blood vessels |
Melanocyte | part of the basal layer of the epidermis. produces black pigment called melanin |
Melanin | black color pigment of the skin |
Dermis | middle layer of the skin, also called "true skin" or Corium. Contains blood vessels. |
Corium | dermis |
Subcutaneous | (Sub-q) also called Hypodermis, inner most layer of the skin. comprised of fatty tissue called Lipocytes to insulate the body. |
Lypocyte | fatty tissue of the hypodermis (subcutaneous) layer of the skin |
Dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
Dermatology/ Dermatologist | study of the skin/ skin specialist |
Dermaplasty | surgical repair of the skin, skin graft |
anhidrosis | abnormal condition of no sweat |
necrosis | abnormal condition of death |
erythroderma | red skin |
leukoderma | white skin |
pyoderma | pus skin |
contusion | injury caused by a blow; swelling, bruising, and pain |
cyanosis | blueish skin tint caused by deoxygenated blood |
ecchymosis | a bruise; blood collecting under skin |
erythema | red flushing of skin, more permanent |
hirsutism | excessive hair growth |
petechiae | spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin |
purpura | skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessles |
lasceration | torn or jagged wound |
macule | flat, discolored spot on skin. birthmark |
nodule | firm, solid mass larger than 0.5 cm |
papule | small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm |
pediculosis | lice infestation |
alopecia | absence or loss of hair |
furuncle | bacterial infection of the hair follicle. a boil |
C&S | culture and sensitivity: test to grow bacteria to identify and sensitivity to antibiotics |
allograft | skin graft from another person |
autograft | skin graft from ones self |
dermatome | instrument used for cutting skin or for producing thin transplants of skin |
dermoplasty | skin grafting |
BX, bx | biopsy- removal of tissue for pathology exam |
First degree burn | reddened, minor swelling, painful, no blister, located on the epidermis |
Second degree burn | reddened, painful, blisters, burned through to the dermis layer, adema |
Third degree burn | Charred, no pain, burned through to the subcutaneous layer exposing the lypocyte |
Skeletal System | bones and joints. Supports, protects internal organs, stores minerals, and produces blood cells |
ankyl/o | stiff joint |
arthr/o | joint articul/o |
burs/o | sac |
carp/o | wrist |
cervic/o | neck |
chondr/o | cartilage |
clavicul/o | clavicle |
coccyg/o | coccyx |
cortic/o | outer portion |
cost/o | rib |
crani/o | skull |
femor/o | femur |
fibul/o | fibula |
ili/o | ilium |
ischi/o | ischium |
kyph/o | hump |
lamin/o | lamina vertebra |
lord/o | bent backwards |
lumb/o | loin |
mandibul/o | mandible, chin |
maxill/o | maxilla |
medull/o | inner portion |
metacarp/o | metacarpals |
metatars/o | metatarsals |
myel/o | bone marrow |
orth/o | straight |
oste/o | bone pod/o |
patell/o | patella |
ped/o | foot |
pelv/o | pelvis |
phalang/o | phalanges |
pub/o | pubis |
radi/o | radius |
sacr/o | sacrum |
scapul/o | scapula |
scoli/o | crooked, bent |
stern/o | sternum |
synovi/o | synovial membrane synov/o |
tars/o | ankle |
thorac/o | thoracic, chest |
tibi/o | tibia |
uln/o | ulna |
vertebr/o | vertebra |
-blast | immature, embryonic |
-clasia | to break surgically |
-desis | stabilize, fuse |
-listhesis | slipping |
-porosis | porous |
Long bones | longer than they are wide, most common bone in body, ulna, femur |
short bones | almost same length to width, carpals, tarsals |
flat bones | plate shaped bones, sternum, pelvis |
irregular bones | vertebrae |
Diaphysis | central shaft to a long bone |
Epiphysis | wide ends of a long bone. Distal is farthest from attachment, proximal is closest to attachment to body |
Cancellous bone | spongy bone, produces red blood cells from red bone marrow |
Axial Skeleton | head, neck, spine, chest, trunk |
Appendicular Skeleton | pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper, and lower extremities |
Vertebral Column | Cervical (7 vertebra), Thoracic (12 vertebra), Lumbar (5 vertebra), Sacrum (5 fused vertebra), Coccyx (3-5 fused vertebra) |
Name the bones in the body starting from the Skull including vertebral column. | Skull, vertebrae. clavicle, scapula, ribs, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx. |
Joint types | synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous. |
Synovial | a type of joint, the most common in the body. free moving. |
arthralgia | joint pain |
arthrocentesis | puncture to withdraw fluid from joint |
arthrodesis | fusion of a joint |
anthrogram | record of a join |
arthritis | joint inflammation |
arthroscope | instrument to view joint |
chiropractic | practice of treating a patient using manipulations of the vertebral column. |
kyphosis | abnormal curve in thoracic spine, humpback |
lordosis | abnormal curve in lumbar of spine, swayback, common in pregnant women |
orthopedics | branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of the musculoskeletal system. |
closed fracture | simple fracture, fracture with no open skin wound |
Colles' fracture | a common wrist fracture |
comminuted fracture | fracture where bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed |
compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound, open fracture |
compression fracture | fracture with loss of height in vertebral column; often from osteoporosis |
FX, Fx | fracture- broken bone |
greenstick fracture | incomplete break |
impacted fracture | bone fragments are pushed onto eachother |
oblique fracture | fracture at an angle to the bone |
pathologic fracture | fracture caused by disease or weakened bone |
spiral fracture | fracture spiral around shaft of bone, often slower to heal |
stress fracture | slight fracture caused by low-impact forces such as running |
transverse fracture | complete fracture, fracture straight across bone |
rickets | caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency resulting in bone deformities |
OA | osteoarthritis- degeneration of bones and joints; bone rubbing on bone |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune inflammation of the joints causing pain, swelling, stiffness, resulting in deformities |
arthroscopy | viewing the interior of a joint using an arthroscope |
Muscular System | skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles |
Skeletal muscles | Fascia |
Cardiac muscles | myocardium |
fasic/o | fibrous band |
fibr/o | fibers |
kinesi/o | movement |
my/o | muscle muscul/o myos/o |
plant/o | sole of foot |
tendin/o | tendon ten/o tend/o |
-asthenia | weakness |
-kinesia | movement |
-tonia | tone |
ab- | away from |
ad- | towards |
circum- | around |
abduction | movement away from midline of body |
adduction | movement towards midline of body |
dorsiflexion | backward bending foot |
plantar flexion | bending foot towards sole, pointing toes "plant your foot on the pedal" |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myocardial | heart muscle |
myorhhaphy | suture a muscle |
myorhhexis | muscle rupture |
-rhhexis | rupture |
-rrhaphy | suture |
-rrhea | discharge, flow |
-rrhage | abnormal flow, excessive |
bradykinesia | slow movement |
fibromyalgia | widespread pain to muscles and soft tissue. ("garbage" diagnosis) |
Cardiovascular System | Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, |
Layers of the Heart | Pericardium (outer fluid filled sack), Epicardium (first layer of muscle tissue), Myocardium (major middle layer of muscle), Endocardium (thin inner most muscle layer). |
angi/o | vessels |
aort/o | aorta |
arteri/o | artery |
ather/o | fatty substance |
atri/o | atrium |
cardi/o | heart |
coron/o | heart |
hemangi/o | blood vessel |
phleb/o | vein |
sphygm/o | pulse |
steth/o | chest |
thromb/o | clot |
valvul/o | valve valv/o |
vascul/o | blood vessel |
vas/o | vessel, duct |
ventricul/o | ventricular |
-manometer | instrument to measure pressure |
-ole | small |
-tension | pressure |
-ule | small |
Systemic Circulation | Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the body and oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. |
Pulmonary Circulation | Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs and oxygenated blood from lungs to heart. |
Atria | Superior and inferior vena cava, and pulmonary veins |
Ventricles | Aorta and pulmonary artery. |
Heart Valves | tricuspid, bicuspid (Mitral), and aortic. |
Tricuspid Valve | Located between the right atrium and right ventricle. |
Mitral Valve | Located between the left atrium and left ventricle. |
Sinoatrial Node | Pacemaker. Controls the electrical impulses in the heart. |
Path of Blood Flow | 1. R. atrium via superior/inferior vena cava 2. tricuspid to R.ventricle. 3. pulmonary artery to lung. 4. L.atrium via pulmonary veins. 5. Mitral to L.ventricle 6. aortic valve to body |
Types of Blood Vessels | arteries, capillaries, veins. *Lumen is channel blood flows through |
Arteries | carry blood away from heart. Thick walled *coronary arteries supply blood for the heart. |
Capillaries | tiny thin walled vessels, connects arteries to veins |
Veins | carries blood to heart. contains valves to ensure blood passes only towards heart. |
Venules | Smallest vein in body |
BP | blood pressure. |
Systole | highest pressure value in a BP reading |
Diastole | lowest pressure value in a BP reading |
angiogram | record of a vessel |
angiostenosis | narrowing of a vessel |
bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat (rate) |
electrocardiogram/graphy | record of the hearts electrical impulses/ process of. (EKG, ECG) |
cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
cardiologist/ology | heart specialist/ study of the heart |
tachycardia | abnormally fast heartbeat (rate) |
venogram | record of a vein |
auscultation | listening to the bodies sounds using a stethoscope |
palpitations | pounding, racing heartbeats |
arrhythmia | irregularity in the heartbeat |
cardiac arrest | heart completely stops |
CHF | congestive heart failure- L. ventricle is too weak to efficiently pump blood to the body |
CAD | coronary artery disease- poor blood supply to myocardium due to coronary obstruction, causes angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction |
Angina Pectoris | severe pain and sensation of constriction around the heart |
firbrillarion | quivering of the heart muscle |
MI | myocardial infarction- heart attack |
myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardial sac |
aneurysm | weakness in the artery wall |
embolus | a thrombus (blood clot) the has broken off and is moving through the veins |
hemorrhoid | varicose veins of the anal region |
HTN | hypertension- high blood pressure |
thrombus | blood clot within a blood vessel, stationary. |
varicose veins | swollen and distended veins. |
Stress test | treadmill test. evaluate cardio fitness |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
AED | automated external defibrillator |
Cicatrix | Scar |
Tinea Capitis | ring worm |
reduction | process of re-aligning bone fragments |
EMG | electromyography- diagnostic test for heart muscle function |
dual- energy absorptiometry | used to diagnose osteoporosis |
akinesia | lack of movement |
infarct | area of tissue that dies from necrosis |
Cardiac Scan | Thallum is injected during xrays to view the heart. |
pruritus | sever itching |
subluxation | incomplete dislocatoin |
talipes | clubfoot |
cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart tissue and heart muscle |
-dynia | pain |
jaundice | yellowish skin and eyes |
keloid | raised red scar tissue |
psysiatrist | physical therapist |
pulse | expansion and contraction of artery wall |
venipuncture | blood draw |
arterioles | small branch of arteries, carries blood to capillaries |
circumduction | movement in a circular direction from a central point |
coccyx | tailbone, 3-5 small fused vertebrae. at distal end of vertebral column |
keratin | hard protein substance produced by body. in hair, nails and filling epidermal cells |
os coxae | hip bone. consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis |
periosteum | membrane that covers most bones |
sudoriferous | sweat glands |
sebum | oil secreted by the sebaceous glands |
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