AP World Chapter 20 Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Nzinga Mvemba | Ruler of the Kong kingdom (1507-1543); converted to Christianity; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade. |
| Osei Tutu | important ruler who began centralization and expansion of Asante. |
| Asantehene | title, created by Osei Tutu, of the civil and religious ruler of Asante |
| Luo | Nilotic people who migrated from the Upper Nile regions to established dynasties in the lakes region of central Africa |
| Usuman Dan Fodio | Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa. |
| Shaka | ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; caused migrations and alterations in African political organization |
| Saltwater slaves | name given to slaves born in Africa; distinguished from American-born descendants, the creoles |
| Surinam Maroons | descendants of the 18th century runaway slaves who found permanent refuge in the rainforests of Suriname and French Guiana. |
| Fulani | Pastoral people of western Sudan; adopted purifying Sufi variant of Islam; under Usuman Dan Fodio in 1804; launched revolt against Hausa Kingdoms; established state centered on Sokoto. |
| Creole slaves | American-born descendants of saltwater slaves; result of sexual exploitation of slave women or process of miscegenation. |
| William Wilberforce | British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament that led to end of English slave trade in 1807 |
| Factories | trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans |
| Indies piece | a unit in the complex exchange system of the West African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave |
| Royal African Company | chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies. |
| Triangular trade | complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa |
| Great Trek | movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government. |
| Mfecane | wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migrations and alterations in African political organization. |
| Middle Passage | Slave voyage from Africa to the Americas (16th- 18th centuries); generally a traumatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture. |
| Obeah | African religious ideas and practices in the English and French Caribbean islands. |
| Candomble | African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people. |
| Vodun | African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti |
| El Mina | Most important of early Portuguese trading facorties in forest zone of Africa |
| Luanda | Portuguese factory established in 1520s south of Kongo; became basis for Portuguese colony of Angola |
| Asante empire | Established in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi |
| Dahomey | Kingdom developed among Fon or Aja peoples in 17th century; center at Abomey 70 miles from coast; under King Agaja expanded to control coastline and port of Whydah by 1727; accepted western firearms and goods in return for African slaves. |
| Swazi | New African state formed on model of Zulu chiefdom; survived mfecane |
| Lesotho | Southern African state that survived mfecane; not based on Zulu modle; less emphasis on military organization, less authoritarian government. |
| Palmares | Kingdom of runaway slaves with a population of 8000 to 10,000 people; located in Brazil during the 17th century; leadership was Angolan. |
| Suriname | Formerly a Dutch plantation colony on the coast of South America; location of runaway slave kingdom in 18th century; able to retain independence despite attempts to crush guerrilla resistance. |
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