Chapter 3 Cells Word Scramble
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Terms | Definition |
Cell | smallest structures to carry life |
Cytoplasm | semi-fluid in cells that holds the organelles |
Cytoplasmic Membrane | outline membrane of the cell (selectively permeable) |
Selectively Permeable | allows import/export of ONLY certain materials |
Neurotransmitters | stick to the surface of proteins and transmit the message of the cells |
Lymphocytes | white blood cells that are antibodies combine with antigens |
Antigens | potentially harmful proteins |
Mitochondria | small rod-shaped granules has double membranes power plant of the cell that is responsible for cellular respiration |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of canals that forms a link between the plasmic membrane important in protein synthesis |
Ribosomes | proteins that contain ribonucleic acid and enzymes used in protein synthesis |
Golgi Apparatus | appear as flattened sacs; synthesizes carbs |
Centrioles | pairs of cylinders sitting at right angles; get rid of bacteria in the cell |
Nucleus | in the center of cell, controls activities of the cell |
Nucleoplasm | cytoplasm of the nucleus |
Chromatin | fibers in the cell that condense to make chromosomes |
Chromosomes | condensed chromatin, rod like chromatin contains DNA |
Nucleolus | in the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled and stores |
Microtubules | hollow tubes that form the apparatus and the cilia and flagella |
Microvilli | structures of epithelial cells made of projections of cytoplasm |
Cilia | moves constantly to move a liquid in one direction over the surface of the cell |
Flagella | hair like projections that grow from the surface of the cell to provide the cell with movement |
Physical Process | movement of ions through a membrane in a downhill gradient |
Gradient | degree of difference between two divided area of concentration |
Diffusion | scattering of particles |
Osmosis | diffusion of water through the membrane |
Net Diffusion | occurs from a high concentration area to a lower concentrated area |
Isonic Solution | solution that has the same osmotic pressure as the fluid inside the cell |
Hypotonic Solution | solutions with a lower osmotic pressure than the fluid in the cell |
Hypertonic Solution | solution that has a higher osmotic pressure and when a cell is placed in it water will leave the cell |
Filtration | net movement of fluid through a membrane |
Filtration Pressure | force of fluid pushing against a surface |
Dialysis | separation of solutions by their ability to pass through a semi-permeable membrane |
Facilitated Diffusion | molecules can move very rapidly from a highly concentrated are to a low concentrated area with the help of carrier molecules |
Active Transport | movement of molecules and ions against a concentration gradient and needs energy from ATP |
Catabolic Reactions | large molecules are broken down into smaller ones with the releases of energy |
Anabolic Reactions | small molecules are untied to form larger ones and consume energy; some energy becomes heat |
Metabolism | "protein cycle" food used to maintain/produce protoplasm |
Step 1: Metabolism | Absorption: organic substances pass into the cells of the body diffusion of materials throught the plasma membrane plasma membrane makes an indentation that sucks in large molecules (pinocytosis) |
Step 2: Metabolism | Cellular Respiration, chemical bonds are severed and amounts of energy released |
Step 3: Metabolism | utilizing energy in a living cell involves a universal intracellular carrier of chemical energy |
Catalyst | an agent that affects the speed of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed |
Coenzymes | enzyme activators |
DNA | double helix five carbon sugar 7 phosphate groups |
RNA | ribosome uracil no thymine |
Anticodon | a sequence of three bases |
Assimilation | process where the cell digests food to make protoplasm |
Mitosis | process of cell division |
Interphase | the cell has not started dividing |
Prophase | the chromatin condenses |
Chromatid | two daughter chromosomes that are joined at a single point |
Metaphase | the chromatids seperate |
Anaphase | the chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell |
Telephase | the nuclei |
Cytokinesis | the cell division is complete and the membrane forms |
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