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Chapter 3 Cells
Cell Parts/ Mitosis
| Terms | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | smallest structures to carry life |
| Cytoplasm | semi-fluid in cells that holds the organelles |
| Cytoplasmic Membrane | outline membrane of the cell (selectively permeable) |
| Selectively Permeable | allows import/export of ONLY certain materials |
| Neurotransmitters | stick to the surface of proteins and transmit the message of the cells |
| Lymphocytes | white blood cells that are antibodies combine with antigens |
| Antigens | potentially harmful proteins |
| Mitochondria | small rod-shaped granules has double membranes power plant of the cell that is responsible for cellular respiration |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of canals that forms a link between the plasmic membrane important in protein synthesis |
| Ribosomes | proteins that contain ribonucleic acid and enzymes used in protein synthesis |
| Golgi Apparatus | appear as flattened sacs; synthesizes carbs |
| Centrioles | pairs of cylinders sitting at right angles; get rid of bacteria in the cell |
| Nucleus | in the center of cell, controls activities of the cell |
| Nucleoplasm | cytoplasm of the nucleus |
| Chromatin | fibers in the cell that condense to make chromosomes |
| Chromosomes | condensed chromatin, rod like chromatin contains DNA |
| Nucleolus | in the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled and stores |
| Microtubules | hollow tubes that form the apparatus and the cilia and flagella |
| Microvilli | structures of epithelial cells made of projections of cytoplasm |
| Cilia | moves constantly to move a liquid in one direction over the surface of the cell |
| Flagella | hair like projections that grow from the surface of the cell to provide the cell with movement |
| Physical Process | movement of ions through a membrane in a downhill gradient |
| Gradient | degree of difference between two divided area of concentration |
| Diffusion | scattering of particles |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through the membrane |
| Net Diffusion | occurs from a high concentration area to a lower concentrated area |
| Isonic Solution | solution that has the same osmotic pressure as the fluid inside the cell |
| Hypotonic Solution | solutions with a lower osmotic pressure than the fluid in the cell |
| Hypertonic Solution | solution that has a higher osmotic pressure and when a cell is placed in it water will leave the cell |
| Filtration | net movement of fluid through a membrane |
| Filtration Pressure | force of fluid pushing against a surface |
| Dialysis | separation of solutions by their ability to pass through a semi-permeable membrane |
| Facilitated Diffusion | molecules can move very rapidly from a highly concentrated are to a low concentrated area with the help of carrier molecules |
| Active Transport | movement of molecules and ions against a concentration gradient and needs energy from ATP |
| Catabolic Reactions | large molecules are broken down into smaller ones with the releases of energy |
| Anabolic Reactions | small molecules are untied to form larger ones and consume energy; some energy becomes heat |
| Metabolism | "protein cycle" food used to maintain/produce protoplasm |
| Step 1: Metabolism | Absorption: organic substances pass into the cells of the body diffusion of materials throught the plasma membrane plasma membrane makes an indentation that sucks in large molecules (pinocytosis) |
| Step 2: Metabolism | Cellular Respiration, chemical bonds are severed and amounts of energy released |
| Step 3: Metabolism | utilizing energy in a living cell involves a universal intracellular carrier of chemical energy |
| Catalyst | an agent that affects the speed of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed |
| Coenzymes | enzyme activators |
| DNA | double helix five carbon sugar 7 phosphate groups |
| RNA | ribosome uracil no thymine |
| Anticodon | a sequence of three bases |
| Assimilation | process where the cell digests food to make protoplasm |
| Mitosis | process of cell division |
| Interphase | the cell has not started dividing |
| Prophase | the chromatin condenses |
| Chromatid | two daughter chromosomes that are joined at a single point |
| Metaphase | the chromatids seperate |
| Anaphase | the chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell |
| Telephase | the nuclei |
| Cytokinesis | the cell division is complete and the membrane forms |
Created by:
just_kaylamay
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