Carnegie Chem NPN Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What are the NPN compounds? | urea, creatinine, uric acid, ammonia, creatine, amino acids |
What are most NPN compounds? | Waste products that require cood kidney function |
Do NPN compounds contain nitrogen? | Yes |
Are NPN compounds proteins? | NO |
Which NPN compounds are waste products? | urea, creatinine, uric acid, ammonia |
Which NPN compounds are building blocks? | creatine, amino acids |
What is urea the breakdown of? | protein |
Where is urea formed and from what? | Formed in the liver, from ammonia |
What does BUN stand for? | Blood, Urea, Nitrogen |
What is the BUN test really for? | Urea, a kidney function test |
What two things affect serum BUN? | protein in diet and catabolism; urine volume |
What causes increased BUN? | There are Pre-renal, Renal and Post renal causes |
What is a pre-renal cause of increased BUN? | dehydration- vomiting and diarrhea; cardiac insufficiency |
What is a renal cause of increased BUN? | kidney disease - any type |
What is a post renal cause of increased BUN? | urinary tract obstruction; kidney stones, enlarged prostate |
What is azotemia? | increased NPNs in blood |
What is the function of creatine and phosphocreatine? | high energy storage in the brain and muscle |
What does creatine and phosphocreatine break down into? | creatinine |
Where does creatine and phosphocreatine break down? | occurrs in the muscle |
When is serum creatinine increased? | kidney disease; muscle destruction (severe or strenuous exercise) |
What are two tests to assess kidney function? | BUN; Creatinine |
What is uric acid the breakdown product of? | Nucleic acid ( also called prurines) |
What are prurines (nucleic acids)? | Building blocks of DNA |
Where is uric acid formed? | The liver |
Which foods are high in prurines? | High protein foods (liver) |
When is uric acid increased in the serum? | Gout |
What is gout? | Uric acid crystals deposit in the joints |
Where is ammonia made? | Made by bacteria in intestine |
Failure of which organ would cause increased serum ammonia? | The liver |
what are amino acids? | Building blocks of protein |
what are the different plasma proteins? | Albumin, fibrinogen, alpha globulins, beta globulins, gamma globulins |
Where are albumin, fibrinogen, alpha globulins and beta globulins made? | Made in the liver |
Where are gamma globulins made? | in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system- lymph, spleen, bone marrow |
What is an important functon of proteins? | transport of non soluble items such as metal ions, hormones and lipids |
What is the function of albumin? | maintains normal blood volume |
What is the function of fibrinogen? | maintains clotting of blood |
What is the function of gamma globulins? | antibodies |
What does TSP stand for? | Total serum protein |
What does TSP measure? | sum of all albumin and all globulins |
What causes increased TSP? | multiple myeloma, dehydration |
What causes decreased TSP? | nephrotic syndrome/ kidney disease; liver disease- production of protein is decreased |
What does A/G ratio stand for? | albumin divided by globulin |
What is a normal A/G ratio result? | 1.0 - 2.5 |
In which diseases is the A/G ratio decreased? | liver disease, kidney disease |
What is electrophoresis? | used to seperate proteins into specific fractions by the movement of electrically charged particles in an electric field |
What does NPN stand for? | Non protein nitrogen containing compounds |
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