Chapter 3 Notes Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| What are differentiated cells? | Cells with specialized characteristics |
| What are the three major parts of a cell? | nucleus) innermost part that contains DNA located in nuclear envelope. cytoplasm) has cytoplasmic organelles in its cytosol. cell membrane) contains the cytoplasm |
| Where is the cell membrane? | the outermost part of the cell |
| What is the cell membrane's purpose? | controls many metabolic reactions and harbors molecules that enable the cell to communicate and interact. Controls what enters and exits the cell. |
| What is a membrane that allows some substances to enter but not others? | a selectively permeable membrane |
| How does the cell membrane allow the cell to send and receive messages | signal tranduction |
| What is the cell membrane made of? | lipids and proteins with some carbs |
| What is the framework of the membrane structure? | double layer of phospholipid molecules that self-assemble so that their water soluble heads form the surfaces of the membrane and their watter insoluble tails form the interior of the membrane |
| What does the interior of the membrane consist of? | fatty acid portions |
| How are membrane proteins classified? | shape, location in bilayer, and function |
| What is an integral protein? | a protein that spans the membrane |
| What is a peripheral protein? | a protein that projects from outer surface of membrane |
| What is both a integral and peripheral protein? | a protein that transverses membrane and extends from outer surface |
| What is a transmembrane protein? | a protein that extends outside and dips into the cytoplasm |
| What is a receptor? | many times a transmembrane protein that receive and transmit messages into a cell |
| What are cellular adhesion molecules? (CAMs) | peripheral proteins that enable certain cells to touch or bond |
| What else is in the cytoplasm other than organelles? | inclusions |
| What is an inclusion? | stored nutrients and are usually temporarily in the cell |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | protein rods and tubules that from a supportive framework |
| Ribosome | particle composed of protein and RNA///synthesizes proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum- E.R. | membranous sacs, canals, vesicles///transports materials within cell, provides attachment for ribosomes, and synthesizes lipids |
| Vescicles | membranous sacs///contains substances that recently entered the cell, store and transport newly synthesized molecules |
| Golgi Apparatus | flattened, membranous sacs///packages and modifies protein molecules for transport and secretion |
| Mitochondria | membranous sacs with inner portions///release energy from food and convert it into usable form |
| Lysosomes | membranous sacs///contain enzymes capable of ingesting worn cell parts or substances that enter cells |
| Peroxisomes | membranous sacs///contain peroxidases, important in the breakdown of many organic molecules |
| Centrosome | nonmembranous structure with 2 rodlike centrioles///helps distribute chromosomes to new cells in cell division; initiates formation of cilia |
| Cilia | motile projections attached to basal bodies beneath the cell membrane///propel fluids over cellular surface |
| Flagellum | motile projections attached to basal bodies benath the cell membrane///enables sperm cells to move |
| Microfilaments and Microtubules | thin rods and tubules///support cytoplasm, help move substances and organelles within the cytoplasm |
| Nuclear Envelope | selectively permeable double membrane that separates the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm///maintains integrity of the nucleus, controls passage of materials, between the nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Nucleolus | dense, nonmembranous body composed of protein and RNA molecules///site of ribosome formation |
| Chromatin | fibers composed of protein and DNA molecules///carries information for synthesizing proteins |
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