Ch 23 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Which of the following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system | mixing and propulsion |
Which of the following processes is the primary function of the mouth | ingestion |
Which of the following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine | absorption |
Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to soften and moisten food | salivary glands |
Which of the following accessory organs stores bile | liver |
Which of the following accessory organs of the digestive system produces a fluid that function to emulsify dietary fats | gallbladder |
These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response | MALT |
This specific plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis | myenteric plexus |
Why would you expect emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion | because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract |
This portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine | greater omentum |
The hard palate | all of the preceding |
In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with | periodontal ligament |
Deciduous molars are replaced by | premolars (bicuspids) |
Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine | feces formation |
This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage | rugae |
Which of the following secrete gastric acid | parietal cells |
This cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of gastric acid | G ell |
This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions | pancreatic duct |
Which of the following gastric enzymes digests proteins | pepsin |
This is the heaviest gland of the body | liver |
This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in the fetus | round ligament |
This is the principle bile pigment | bilirubin |
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver | storage of bilirubin |
Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme | Paneth cells |
Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides and fatty acids as products | lipase |
Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce monosaccharides | amlayse |
Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce smaller peptides from proteins | chymotrypsin |
This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine | secretin |
This hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine | cholecystokinin (CCK) |
This digestive aid, produces by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins | hydrochloric acid |
This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon | ileocecal |
The wavelike, rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called | peristalsis |
The pyloric sphincter is found between the | stomach and duodenum |
The pancreas is stimulated to release its secretions by | secretin |
The physical and chemical breakdown of food is completed primarily in the | small intestine |
Gastric glands increase their secretory activity in response to a hormone released from the | stomach |
The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the _____ cavity | peritoneal |
The intrinsic factor is produced by ___ cells of the gastric glands | parietal |
Digestion begins in the | mouth |
Taste buds are found in elevations on the dorsal surface of the tongue called | papillae |
What are the names of the three sections of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
The final products of protein digestion are | amino acids |
Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the | small intestine |
Which hormone stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in digestive enzymes and contraction of the wall of the gallbladder to release bile | cholecystokinin |
The inner surface of each lip is attached to the gum by a midline fold of mucous membrane called the | labial frenulum |
Mumps is a viral infection, inflammation, and enlargement of the | parotid salivary glands |
During the act of deglutition | food moves from the oral cavity to the stomach |
The dental formula of the deciduous teeth in humans is | 2-1-0-2 |
The dental formula of the permeant teeth in humans is | 2-1-2-3 |
Wisdom teeth are this late erupting type | molars |
Some organs or part of organs 'within' the abdominal cavity are retroperitoneal | True |
The serosa of the GI tract is the same as the layer known as the parietal peritoneum | False |
The greater omentum is the largest of the paritoneal folds | True |
The localized mixing contractions and relaxations of the muscularis that do not push along the GI tract is called peristalsis | False |
Some digestion occurs at the surface of the absorptive cells of the small intestine, rather than in the lumen | True |
Some digestive enzymes are released when absorptive cells slough off into the lumen of the small intestine | True |
Peyer's patches are found in the wall of the ileum | True |
Nearly all digestive enzyme precursors secreted into the GI tract are identified by having the prefix 'pro' or the suffix 'ogen' | True |
The round ligament is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus, a vessel found in fetal circulation | False |
Carbonic acid is the source for H+ (protons) that are pumped out of the parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach | True |
HCl is necessary for the activation and activity of pepsin in the stomach | True |
The hepatic portal vein delivers deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the sinusoids of the liver | True |
The sight, smell, taste, or thought of food initiates the cephalic phase of gastric activity | True |
Both neural and hormonal factors regulate the gastric and intestinal phases of digestion | True |
Processed blood from the liver returns to the systemic circulation by way of the hepatic vein | True |
The end products of chemical digestion of complex carbohydrates and double sugars are ___ | monosaccharides |
The end products of chemical digestion of lipids (triglycerides) are _____ and ____ | monoglycerides, fatty acids |
The end products of chemical digestion of proteins are ___ ___ | amino acids |
Lipases break down this nutrient group ____ | lipids |
Proteases break down this nutrient group ___ | proteins |
Individuals who do not produce adequate amounts of the enzyme lactase are said to be ___ ____ | lactose intolerant |
The lymphatic capillary found in a villus is specifically called a ____ | lacteal |
_____ is the specific term that describes the movement of a bolus from the mouth to the stomach | Deglutition |
The four principal anatomic regions of the stomach are the: cardia, the _____, the _____, and the _____ | fundus, body, pylous |
Intrinsic factor is released by the ____ cells in the stomach mucosa and is important for the absorption of vitamin ___ that is needed for erythropoiesis | pariteal, B12 |
Responsible for churning, peristalsis, storage, and chemical digestion with the enzyme pepsin | Stomach |
Responsible for ingestion, mastication, and deglutition | Mouth |
Contains aggregated lymphatic follicles in the submucosa | Ileum |
Produces and secretes bile | Liver |
Contains duodenal glands in the submucosa | Duodenum |
Coiled tube of lymphatic tissue attached to the cecum | Appendix |
Collapsed muscular tube involved in the deglutition and peristalsis | Esophagus |
Produce a fluid in the mouth that helps cleanse the mouth and that lubricates, dissolves, and begins the breakdown of food | Salivary gland |
Forces the food to the back of the mouth for swallowing; places food in contact with the teeth | Tongue |
Forms a semisolid waste material through haustral churning and peristalsis | Colon |
Passageway for food, fluid and air; involved in deglutition | Pharynx |
Composed of enamel, dentin, and pulp; used in mastication | Teeth |
Contain 'acini' that release juices containing several digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to buffer stomach acid | Pancreas |
Storage area for bile | Gallbladder |
Lymphatic capillary used for chylomicron absorption in the small intestine | Lacteal |
Longitudinal muscular bands in the large intestine; tonic contractions produce haustra | Teniae coli |
Stomach enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin | G cells |
Secrete lysozyme; help regulate microbial population in the intestines | Paneth cells |
Produce HCl and intrinsic factor in the stomach | Parietal cells |
Finger or ridge-like projections of the mucosa of the small intestine that increase the surface area for digestion and absorption | Villi |
Layer of microvilli of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption; also contain some digestive enzymes | Brush border |
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