Muscles Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
The ability to shorten with force | contractility |
Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
Aerobic respiration | with oxygen (more efficient) |
oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. |
muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. |
origin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. |
isometric | (equal distance) - the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
isotonic | (equal tension), the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
creatine phosphate | stored high-energy molecule from muscles that rest which cannot stockpile ATP |
muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level |
all-or-none response | muscle fiber that will not contract maximally |
acetylcholinesterase | the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme |
sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
what is ATP needed for? | energy for muscle contraction |
where is ATP produced? | mitochondria |
resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
neuromuscular junction/ synapse | the branched axons that connect to the muscle |
motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
acetylcholine | the secretion of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vessels |
contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
epimysium | the connective tissue sheathe that surrounds each skeletal muscle |
fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates muscles |
myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments - resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
myosine myofilaments | thick myofilaments - resemble bundles of minute golf club |
sarcomeres | actin and myosine myofilaments form highly ordered units |
the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle | sarcomere |
synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
prime mover | one muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back, responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. |
thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing/ dome shaped muscle/ aids in breathing |
rectus abdominus | each side of the linea and alba |
tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations |
trapezius | rotates scapula |
serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
latissimus dorsi | meially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm "swimmer muscles" |
deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
triceps brachii | extends the forearm/ posterior compartment of the arm |
biceps brachii | flexes the forearm/ anterior compartment of the arm |
brachialis | flexes forearm |
brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
retinaculum (bracelet) | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction |
flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
gluteus maximus | buttocks |
quadriceps femoris | extends leg; anterior thigh muscle |
sartorius | "tailors muscle"; flexes the thigh |
hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscle; flexes the leg and extend the thigh |
gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle. they join to form the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) / flex the foot and toes |
mastication | chewing |
frontalis | the muscle that covers the frontal bone |
temoralis | the muscle that covers the temporal bone |
Created by:
JJeffers12
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