week 1 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Anatomical Position | Head, Eyes, Toes directed forward -palms forward |
Anatomical Planes | 1. median 2. Sagittal 3.Frontal 4.Horizontal |
Median Plane | vertical plane passing through midline of body, separating into right and left halves |
Sagittal | "midsagittal" vertical plane passing parallel to median plane |
Frontal | "Coronal" vertical plane passing perpendicular to median plane, diving the body into front and back halves. |
Horizontal | "transverse" plane passing at a right angle to the median, dividing body into the upper and lower halves |
Superior | "cranial" towards head |
Inferior | "caudal" lower part of the body |
Anterior | "ventral" front |
Posterior | "dorsal" back |
Medial | closer to the medial plane |
Lateral | further away from the median plane |
Proximal | above/superior |
Distal | below/inferior |
Superficial | closer to the body's surface |
Deep | deeper in the body |
Dorsum | top of the foot |
Palm | of hand |
Sole | bottom of the foot |
Flexion | decreases the angle between two parts i.e. bending elbow towards bicep |
Extension | increasing the angle i.e. straightening the fingers |
Hyperextension | extending the joint beyond its normal range of motion i.e. neck in car accident |
Abduction | pull away from the midline of the body i.e. radial deviation |
Adduction | pulls toward the body i.e.ulnar deviation |
Elevation | movement in a superior direction i.e. elevation of the scapula (shoulder shrug) |
Depression | movement in an inferior direction i.e. depression of the mandible (jaw dropping) |
Pronation | turns the palm down |
Supination | turns palm up |
Dorsiflexion | flexion of the entire foot superiorly i.e. letting off the gas peddle |
Plantar flexion | extension of the foot inferiorly i.e. pressing on the brake |
Eversion | "turn out" movement of sole away from the median plane |
Inversion | "turn in" movement of the sole towards the median plane |
Protrusion | anterior movement of an object |
Retrusion | posterior movement of an object |
Protraction | anterior movement of the arms at the shoulders |
Retraction | posterior movement of the arms at the shoulders |
Rotation | when a part turns on its axis along the transverse plane, i.e. atlas on axis |
Circumduction | combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction...circular movement i.e. shoulder and hip joint movement |
Anterograde | motion in normal direction of flow i.e. digestion |
Retrograde | motion in reversed flow i.e. gastric reflux |
Opposition | -grasping the fingers with the thumb -happens only at the carpometacarpal joint |
Reposition | to release and object by spreading the fingers and thumb i.e. returning to anatomical position |
Joints serve for... | 1. Mobility (free range of motion) 2. Stability (keep skeleton together) |
Joints can be classified... | 1.Structurally (make up the joint) i.e. fibrous, cartilaginous 2. Functionally (movement amount & stability) |
Functional Joints | 1. Synarthrosis 2. Amphiarthrosis 3. Diarthrosis |
Synarthrosis | joint that allow little or no movement |
Amphiarthrosis | allows some movement |
Diarthrosis | freely moveable joints -synovial joints |
Fibrous Joints | bones joined by fibrous tissue |
3 types of Fibrous Joints | 1. Sutures 2. Gomphoses 3. Syndesmoses |
Sutures | interdigitating bone connected together with connective tissue -synostoses i.e. skull |
Gomphoses | "Dentaloalveolar joint" articulation between tooth and body socket |
Syndesmoses | joints in which bones are connected by ligament or interosseous membrane |
Cartilaginous Joints | 1. Synchondroses 2. Symphyses |
Synchondroses | bar/plate of hyaline cartilage uniting two bones i.e. growth plate/epiphyseal plate |
Symphyses | surfaces of bone are fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage i.e. intervertebral disc |
Synovial Joint | articulating bones are separated by fluid containing joint cavity i.e. most joints of the limbs |
Bursae | fluid-filled sacs lined with synovial membrane -allows muscles to glide past each other |
Tendon Sheaths | allow tendons to glide past one another or other structures |
Synovial Joint Types | 1. Plane Joints 2. Hinge Joints 3.Pivot Joints 4. Condyloid 5. Sellar 6. Sheroidal |
Plane Joints | articular surface is flat i.e. carpals & vertebral articular processes |
Uniaxial Joints | occur around one axis |
Hinge Joints | uniaxial joint/ ginglymus -allows flexion and extension i.e. elbow |
Pivot Joint | "trochoid" -movement is a uniaxial rotation of a bone around its long axis i.e. C1/C2 |
Condyloid | "ellipsoid" -oval surface of one bone protrudes into corresponding depression of another bone, like egg and spoon i.e. metacarpolphalangeal joints (knuckles) & radiocarpal |
Sellar | "saddle joints" -resembles condyloid but allows greater degree of movement i.e. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb |
Sheroidal | ball and socket joints -multiaxial/polyaxial, freely movable i.e. shoulder and hip joint |
Knee joint is made up of 3 joints: | Patellofemoral Medial Tibiofemoral Lateral Tibiofemoral |
Tibiofemoral Joint | hinge joint permitting extension and flexion |
Patellofemoral Joint | plane joint, with only a half capsule on the posterior aspect |
Extracapsular Ligament | Fibular Collateral Tibia Collateral |
Fibular Collateral | lateral collateral ligament -runs from lateral epicondyle of femur to fibular head |
Tibial Collateral | medial collateral ligament -runs from medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibial shaft |
Why can both the medial maniscus and medial collateral ligament both tear? | Because they both touch |
Anterior Cruciate Ligament | attaches from posterior portion of the interchondylar notch to the anterior interchondylar area of the tibia |
Posterior Cruciate Ligament | attaches to the anterior portion of the intercondylar notch to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia. |
ACL prevents... | anterior displacement of the femur on tibia -full extension fall |
PCL prevents... | prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia -full flexion fall |
Menisci | two small fatty pads that exist between the femur and tibia |
3 C's of knee injuries | 1. collateral ligaments 2. cruciate ligament 3. cartilages (menisci) |
Terrible Triad of Donoghe | medial collateral ligament medial meniscus anterior cruciate ligament |
Created by:
swalters4
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