Monahan: Digestive Word Scramble
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Vocabulary | Definition |
pharynx | back of the throat |
esophagus | food chute, connects pharynx to stomach |
duodenum | first portion of small intestine |
jejunum | middle portion of small intestine |
ileum | last portion of small intestine |
small intestine | main organ for chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients |
large intestine | main organ for the absorption of water |
cecum | first section of the large intestine |
villi (micorvilli) | increase surface area of absorption of nutrients |
goblet cells | unicellular glands that secrete mucus |
mucosa | inner layer of alimentary canal; composed of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium |
alimentary canal | organs of digestive system in which "food" passes through |
submucosa | tissue layer below the mucosa; made of areolar (loose) connective tissue; very vascular |
muscularis | tissue layer composed of smooth muscle |
circular myofibers | smooth muscle cells that, when contracted, decrease the diameter of the digestive tube |
longitudinal myofibers | smooth muscle cells that, when contracted, decrease the length of the digestive tube |
serosa | tissue layer that covers abdominal organs; made of simple squamous (visceral peritoneum) |
lumen | hollow space within an organ |
mechanical digestion | occurs in the mouth with the help of the teeth and tongue, also occurs in the stomach as the muscular layer contracts |
chemical digestion | occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes and acids |
amylase | enzyme in saliva that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth |
parotid | salivary glands that produce the most amylase |
sublingual | salivary glands that produce the most mucus |
bolus | soft mass of food that is swallowed |
peristalsis | slow, wave-like muscular contractions that push "food" through the digestive tube |
pepsin | enzyme produced in stomach that breaks down proteins |
parietal cells | produce HCl acid within the stomach |
rugae | folds of the mucosa within the stomach |
chyme | liquified/partially digested "food" that exits the stomach into the small intestine |
bile | produced by the liver; breaks down (emulsifies) lipids |
pancreatic juice | combination of enzymes produced by the pancreas; breaks down all types of macromolecules |
macromolecules | large molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates |
haustra | pouches of the large intestine |
feces | solid material that is expelled through the anus |
water | main molecule absorbed in the large intestine |
Created by:
smonahan
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