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Monahan: Digestive
Alimentary Canal/Enzymes
| Vocabulary | Definition |
|---|---|
| pharynx | back of the throat |
| esophagus | food chute, connects pharynx to stomach |
| duodenum | first portion of small intestine |
| jejunum | middle portion of small intestine |
| ileum | last portion of small intestine |
| small intestine | main organ for chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients |
| large intestine | main organ for the absorption of water |
| cecum | first section of the large intestine |
| villi (micorvilli) | increase surface area of absorption of nutrients |
| goblet cells | unicellular glands that secrete mucus |
| mucosa | inner layer of alimentary canal; composed of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium |
| alimentary canal | organs of digestive system in which "food" passes through |
| submucosa | tissue layer below the mucosa; made of areolar (loose) connective tissue; very vascular |
| muscularis | tissue layer composed of smooth muscle |
| circular myofibers | smooth muscle cells that, when contracted, decrease the diameter of the digestive tube |
| longitudinal myofibers | smooth muscle cells that, when contracted, decrease the length of the digestive tube |
| serosa | tissue layer that covers abdominal organs; made of simple squamous (visceral peritoneum) |
| lumen | hollow space within an organ |
| mechanical digestion | occurs in the mouth with the help of the teeth and tongue, also occurs in the stomach as the muscular layer contracts |
| chemical digestion | occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes and acids |
| amylase | enzyme in saliva that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth |
| parotid | salivary glands that produce the most amylase |
| sublingual | salivary glands that produce the most mucus |
| bolus | soft mass of food that is swallowed |
| peristalsis | slow, wave-like muscular contractions that push "food" through the digestive tube |
| pepsin | enzyme produced in stomach that breaks down proteins |
| parietal cells | produce HCl acid within the stomach |
| rugae | folds of the mucosa within the stomach |
| chyme | liquified/partially digested "food" that exits the stomach into the small intestine |
| bile | produced by the liver; breaks down (emulsifies) lipids |
| pancreatic juice | combination of enzymes produced by the pancreas; breaks down all types of macromolecules |
| macromolecules | large molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates |
| haustra | pouches of the large intestine |
| feces | solid material that is expelled through the anus |
| water | main molecule absorbed in the large intestine |
Created by:
smonahan
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