Nervous Histology Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Neurons | Electrical excitability -- ability to respond to stimulus and convert it to nerve impulse |
Nerve Impulse | Action Potential propagates along surface of neuron due to movement of ions between neuron and interstrital fluuid |
Cell Body | Nucleus + cytoplasm. Typical organelles + Nissl Bodies |
Nissl Bodies | Clusters of RER, important for protein synth and repair, transmission of nerve impulses and reception |
Neurofibrils | Intermediate filament bundles; support cell shape |
Microtubules | Movement of materials between cell body and axon |
Lipofuscin | Pigment, yellow brownish granules |
Somatic Gemmules (Spines) | Bumps on plasma membrane; increase surface area for nerve cell interactions |
Initial segment | Part of axon closest to hillock; location of nerve impulse arisal -- trigger zone (free of Nissl Bodies). |
Axon Collaterals | Side branches |
Axon Terminal Arborizations | Division of axon into terminal branches |
Axosomatic | Axon end to Somatic cell body |
Axoaxonic | Pre axon end to post axon |
Electrical Synapse | Gap junctions via connexins; rapid, uniform, coordinated movement (ex. heart, stomach) |
Multipolar Neurons | Multiple Dendrites, one axon |
Bipolar Neuron | One dendrite, one axon |
Unipolar | Sensory; Split into peripheral process and central process. Cell body branches off between axon and dentrite. |
Neuroglia | Constitute about 1/2 volume of CNS. Don't carry nerve impulse, Have ability to divide |
CNS--Astrocyte | Protoplasmic (short branches) in gray matter; fibrous (long unbranched) in white matter. Support neurons via microfilaments, create blood brain barrier, secrete growth chemicals in embryo, maintain chemicals of nerve impulse, learning and memory |
CNS--Oligodendrocytes | Smaller astrocytes. Form and maintain protective covering around CNS axons |
Pia Matter | Thin membrane around brain and spinal cord. |
CNS--Microglia | Slender processes with spinelike projections. Originate in red bone marrow and migrate. Phagocytes. Remove cellular debris, microbes, and damaged tissue |
CNS--Ependymal Cells | Cuboidal to columnar cells -- single layer. Line ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord. Assist and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. |
PNS--Schwann Cells | Flat cells--encircle axons. Form myelin sheath. 1:1 ratio of cell to axon portion. |
PNS--Satellite Cells | Surround cell bodies of neurons of PNS ganglia. Structural support + exchange of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fluid. |
White Matter | Aggregations of myelinated and unmyelinated axons of many neurons. |
Gray Matter | Neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia. |
Nucleus (CNS) | Cluster of nerve cell bodies ~to Ganglion in PNS |
Tract (CNS) | Cluster of axons and nerve fibers; connect spinal cord up and down the brain |
2 Reasons of Lack of Neurogeneration | inhibitory influence from neuroglia (oligodendrocytes--myelin); absence of growth stimulating cues |
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