Ch12 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Endocrine system | Secretes hormones |
Endocrine glands | Secrete directly into the bloodstream |
Hormones | Chemicals that bring about a change in the body |
Protein-based hormones | Can be long or short chains of AAs or variations of single AAs |
Steroids | Cholesterol derivatives |
Protein hormones | Also call the two messenger mechanism |
Steroids | Are liquid soluble therefore they diffuse through the cell membrane |
Nucleus | The steroid protein complex enters the _____ |
Cells of endocrine glands | Respond to chemical changes, other hormones, or nervous system stimulation |
Releasing hormones | Stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete it's hormones |
Inhibiting hormones | Suppress hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary |
Tropic hormones | Stimulate other endocrine cells to release their hormones |
Prolactin | Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids |
Growth hormones | Act on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, liquid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth |
Thyroid stimulating hormones | Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone |
Luteinizing hormone | Stimulate ovulation and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in females and the secretion of testosterone by the testes in males |
Follicle-stimulating hormone | Stimulates the production of eggs in the ovaries of females and sperm in the testes of males |
Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin | The hormones stored by the posterior pituitary |
Oxytocin | Stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth |
Antidiuretic hormone | Acts on the kidneys to reduce urine volume and prevent dehydration |
Negative feedback | When the pituitary stimulates another endocrine glands to secrete it's hormone, that hormone is then sent back to the pituitary, telling it to stop the release of tropic hormone |
Pituitary gland | Hangs by short stock called the infundibulum from the hypothalamus |
Anterior pituitary | Made of glandular tissue |
Posterior pituitary | Extends from the nerve tissue of the hypothalamus |
Antidiuretic hormone | Helps maintain blood pressure |
Pineal gland | Releases melatonin |
Thymus gland | Located anterior and bilateral to the trachea just inferior to the larynx |
T3 | Contains three iodine atoms |
T4 | Contains four iodine atoms |
Calcitonin | Maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphate by decreasing reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from the bones to the blood thus lowering blood levels |
Parathyroid gland | To glands on the posterior of each lobe of the thyroid gland |
Parathyroid hormone | Increases blood calcium and phosphate |
Adrenal gland | Located on the top of each kidney |
Norepinephrine | Causes vasoconstruction in the skin, Viscera, and skeletal muscles to quickly raise blood pressure |
Epinephrine | Increases heart rate and force of contraction |
Adrenal cortex | Secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones |
Sex hormones | Estrogen for females, androgens for males |
Aldosterone | The most abundant mineralocorticoid, increases blood volume and blood pressure |
Cortisol | Increases glucogenesis from lipids and excess AAs |
Anti-inflammatory | Blocks histamine |
Pancreas | Located mainly in the left upper quadrant, both an endocrine and exocrine gland |
Alpha cells | Produce Glucagon |
Beta cells | Produce insulin |
Delta cells | Somatostatin |
Glucagon | Stimulates liver to begin Glycogenolysis and uses lipids and AAs for energy by glucogenesis |
Insulin | Decreases blood sugar by increasing permeability of cells to glucose and stimulating glycogenesis in the liver and muscles |
Prostaglandins | Made in virtually all cells from phospholipids of their cell membranes |
Local action | Does not circulate in the blood |
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