Chapter 9 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Muscular System includes | the skeletal muscles and accessory structures. |
Musculare system provides | mobility, movement, and it produces heat. |
The muscular system includes the skeletal muscles not the | cardiac or smooth muscle. |
Each muscular structure is made up of thousands of individual | muscle cell. |
Muscle cell also known as | fibers. |
Myofibrils are fibers of the muscle cell that are bound together within the cell membrane and a layer called | endomysium. |
fibers are bundled into | fascicles. |
Fascicles are surrounded by | perimysium. |
Fascicles are bundled into the muscle surrounded by | the epimysium and the deep fascia. |
Muscles are specialized for | contraction. |
Fibers _______ to produce movement. | shorten. |
Tendons | anchor muscle to bone and other muscles |
Tendons are made of | dense fiborous connective tissue. |
Deep fascia is what covers the muscle. | |
Tendon merges with the | periosteum to anchor to the bone. |
What are the two muscle fiber anatomy? | Sacrolemma and Sacroplasm. |
Sacrolemma | is a special name for the cell membrane of a muscle cell. |
Sacroplasm | is a special name for the cytoplasm of th emuscle cell. |
Sacroplasm is filled iwth myofibrils and it stores | glycogen (engergy) and oxygen (breakdown). |
Sacroplasm contains sacromeres, the contractile units in the muscle fiber and it is bundles into groups called | myofilaments. |
Myofilaments are made of | actin and myosin. |
There are 6 parts of the anatony of a sacromere. | Z-line, Actin, Myosin, Titin, and Troponin & Tropomyosin. |
Z-line also known as | Z disc. |
Z-disc is a protein backbone that anchors | actin filaments. |
Z-disc forms the end boundaries of the | sacromeres. |
Actin also known as | thin filaments. |
Actin thin contractile protein that interacts with | myosin. |
Myosin also known as | thick filaments. |
Myosin has thicker contractile | proteins. |
Titin | proteins that anchors myosin to the Z-line. |
Actin forms a _____________ with myosin which shortens the sacromere. | crossbridge. |
Troponin & Tropomyosin | inhibits proteins that prevent contraction when relaxed. |
Troponin & Tropomyosin is attach to actin and blocks __________ from forming a cross bridge. | Myosin. |
Neuromuscular Junction | is a motor nerve ending at each muscle fiber. And it is one per fiber. |
Axon Termina also known as | Motor End Plate |
Motor End Plate also known as | Synaptic Knob. |
Axon Termina has an elarge end of the motor neuron | and it contains sacs of the neurotransmitter Acetycholine (ACh) |
Synapse also known as | synaptic cleft. |
Synapse is the junction between the ____________ and the ___________ _____________. | axon terminal and muscle fiber sarcolemma. |
Acetycholine is release across the synapse is called | exocytosis. |
Sarcolemma | is the cell membrane of the muscle fiber. |
Abbreviation for Acetycholine | ACh |
ACh attached ot the _____________ in the sacrolemma. | receptors. |
ACh causes ______________ impulses in the sacrolemma | electrical. |
Electrical signals travels through the | sarcolemma. |
Cholinesterase _______________ ACh. | deactivates. |
T-tubules | tubes that allow signals to travel into the cell. |
Sacroplasmic reticulum | ER of the muscle cell and stores Calcium ions. |
Contraction | Calcium is released from the sacroplasmic reticulum binds to troponin and tropomyosin and actin is exposed. |
Contraction causes actin filaments to pull against mysoin filaments called the | sliding filament mechanism. |
In contraction the brain recruits higher numbers of _________ based on need. | fibers. |
Parts of the muscle function are | Origin, Belly, Insertion, Action, and Heads. |
Origin is where the muscles originate and usually the more _____________ of the two ends. | stationary. |
Belly | is the thick middle part of the muscle. |
Insertion | is the opposite of the origin. And is across at least one joint from the origin. |
Insertion moves toward the origin and shortens the muscle, this determines | Action. |
Heads | some muscles have more that one belly that we call heads. |
There are 5 muscle relationships which are | Action, Prime mover, Antagonist, Synergist, and Thermogenisis. |
Action also known as function, makes the movement of a muscle that | contracts. |
Prime Mover (Biceps) also known as | Protagonist. |
Prime mover is the primary muscle that brings about the | desired movement. |
Antagonist (Tricep) | is the muscle that does the opposite of the prime mover. |
Synergist (Brachialis Radius) | is the secondary muscles that bring about the desired movement and it assist the prime mover. |
Relative Terms | A muscle can be a prime mover for one action, but it can be the anatagonist for the opposite action. |
Thermgenesis | is a heat production from normal muscle metabolism, due to checmical reaction and friction. |
Thermgenesis increases with | increased activity. |
Maximus | Largest |
Minimus | Smallest. |
Major | Large |
Minor | Small |
Longus | Long |
Brevis | Short |
Deltoid | Triangular |
Rhomboid | Diamond-shaped |
Sarratus | Sawtoothed (serrated) |
Trapezius | Trapezoidal |
Pectoralis | Chest |
Brachio | Upper Arm |
Radialis | Radius B. |
Gluteus | Buttock. |
Femoris | Femur |
Sterno | Sternum |
Cleido | Clavicle |
Mastoid | Mastoid Process. |
Digiti | Finger or Toe (digits) |
Pollicis | Thumb |
Hallicus | Big Toe |
Lateralis | Lateral |
Medialis | Medial |
Intermedius | Middle |
Profundus | Deep |
Superficialis | Superficial |
Biceps | 2 heads |
Triceps | 3 heads |
Quadriceps | 4 heads |
Rectus | Straight |
Transverse | Sideways/across |
Oblique | Diagonal. |
Adductor | Adducts |
Abductor | abducts |
Flexor | Flexes |
Extensor | extends |
Levator | Elevates |
Head and Neck Muscles | Frontalis, Orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleimastoid, and orbicularis. |
Abdominal Wall Muscles | Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and linea alba (not a muscle). |
Shoulder & Back Muscles | Deltoid, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius. |
Upper Extremity Muscles | Brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, hand and digit extensors, and hand and digit flexors. |
Quadriceps Femoris Muscles | Rectoris femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis. |
Glutes Muscles | Gluteus Maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. |
Hamstrings Muscles | Bicep femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. |
Calf | Gastrocnemeus, soleus and plantaris. |
--% of the population does not have _______. | 25%, plantaris. |
Foot & Toe Muscle | tibalis anterior. |
Quadriceps Femoris | extends the knee. |
Vastus Medialis | is in between the muscle and it is not visible. |
Gluteus maximus | extends the hips. |
Gluteus medius | primarily is a hip abductor. |
hamstrings | flexion of the knee. |
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