Anatomy chapter six Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility |
the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | excitability |
the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. | elasticity |
four major functional characteristics | Contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity |
muscles help to produce heat essential for maintenance of normal | body temperature. |
each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath. | the epimysium. |
connective tissue located outside the epimysium.it surrounds and separates muscles | fascia |
a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called | muscle fasciculi |
muscle fasciculi is surrounded by loose connective tissue called | the perimysium |
the fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called | fibers |
each muscle fiber is a single cylindrical cell containing what? | several nuclei |
each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called | the endomysium |
the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with what? | myofibrils |
a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. | myofibrils |
myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers: | actin myofilaments, and myosin myofilaments |
thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
joined end to end to form the myofibril | sarcomeres |
the sarcomere is the basic structural and functional unity of the what? | muscle |
each sarcomere extends from? | one Z line (disc) to another Z line. |
each Z line is an attachment site for what? | actin |
the arrangement of actin and myosin give what type of appearance? | banded |
on each side of the Z line is a light area called a what? | I band |
the I band consists of what? | actin |
the A band extends the length of the what? | myosin |
in the center of each sarcomere is another light area called the what?` | I band |
the H zone only consists of what? | myosin |
the myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the what? | M line |
the outside of the most cells membranes is positively charged compared to the inside of the cell membrane, which is what? | negatively charged |
the charge difference across the membrane is called? | resting membrane potential |
when a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics do what? | change briefly |
the brief reversal back of the charge is called? | action potential |
are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | motor neurons |
axons enter the muscles and what? | branch |
each branch that connects to the muscle forms a what near the center of the cell? | neuromusclular junction or synapse |
a singles motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called? | motor unit |
many motor units form what? | a single muscle |
a neuromusclular junction is formed by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indetation of the what? | muscle cell membrane. |
the enlarged nerve terminal is the? | presynaptic terminal |
the space between the preynaptic terminal and the cell is the what? | synaptic cleft |
muscle fiber is the what? | postsynaptic terminal |
each preynaptic terminal contains what? | synaptic vesicles |
each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter called? | acetylcholine. |
it diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the what? | postsynaptic cell |
when an action potential reaches the nerve terminal, it causes the synaptic vesicles to releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft by what? | exocytosis |
the combination of acetylcholine with its receptor cause an influx of sodium ions into the what? | muscle fiber |
the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes called? | acetycholinesterase |
this enzymatic breakdown ensures that one action potential in the neuron yields only one action potential in the skeletal muscle and only one contraction of the what? | muscle cell |
occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten is? | muscle contraction |
when the sarcomeres shorten it causes the.... | muscles to shorten |
the sliding of myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called? | sliding filament mechanism |
is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | muscle twitch |
a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called? | threshold |
a point when the muscle fiber will contract maximally. This is called? | all-or-none response |
the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the? | lag phase |
the time of contraction is the? | contraction phase |
the time during which the muscle relaxes is the? | relaxation time. |
where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
the increase in number of motor units being activated is called? | recruitment |
ATP is needed for energy for? | muscle contraction |
ATP is produced in the? | mitochondria |
ATP is short-lived and? | unstable |
ATP can store another high energy molecule called? | creatine phosphate |
without oxygen | anaerobic |
the energy in ATP is used to? | synthesize creatine phosphate |
with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose is | oxygen debt |
results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells... | muscle fatigue |
the length of the muscle does not change | isometric |
the amount of tension is constant during contraction | isotonic |
muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
is the most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | belly |
some muscles have multiple origins or... | head |
muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called? | synergists |
muscles that work in oppostion to one another are called? | antagonlists |
if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement it is called the? | prime mover |
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alishacooper
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