Anatom one Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Tissue sheath that surrounds the each skeletal muscle | epimysium |
ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
ability to be stretched | extensibility |
ability to recoil to their original resting length | elasticity |
connective tissue outside of the epimysium | fascia |
muscle is composed of numerous bundles called | fasciculi |
loose connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi | perimysium |
connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber | endomysium |
cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
two major kinds of protein fibers | actin & myosin myofilaments |
thin myofilaments | actin |
thick myofilaments | myosin |
actin and myson myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
each branch that connects to the muscle forms a | neuromuscular (synapse) |
a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a | motor unit |
the enlarged nerve terminal is the | presynapsis terminal |
each sarcomere extends from __ line to another __ line | Z |
The arrangement of ___ and ___ give a banded appearance. | actin, myosin |
on each side of the Z line is a light area called an __ band that consists of actin. | I |
The __ band extends the length of the myosin and is the darker central region in each sarcomere. | A |
In the center of each sarcomere is another light area called the __ zone consisting of only myosin | H |
myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the __ line | M |
resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane. |
action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
while axons enter the muscles and branch, each branch that connects to the muscle forms a _____, or ____ near the center of the cell | neuromuscular junction, synapse. |
motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
presynaptic terminal | the englarged nerve terminal |
synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme... | acetylcholinesterase |
muscle contraction occurs... | when actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten, causing the muscle to shorten. |
sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction. H and I bands shorten, A do not. |
muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
all-or-none response | the point when the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
contraction phase | time of contraction |
relaxation phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |
tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | needed for energy for muscle contraction, produced in the mitochondria, short lived and unstable. |
creatine phosphate | high-energy molecule ATP can store |
anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
aerobic respiration | with oxygen, more efficient |
oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. |
muscle fatigue | resluts when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than what it can be produced in the muscle cells |
2 types of muscle contractions | isometric, isotonic |
isometric (equal distance) | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. |
isotonic (equal tension) | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. |
muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. keeps head up, back straight. |
fast-twith fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly. well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism. (white meat of chicken breast) |
slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. better suited for aerobic metabolism. (dark meat in chicken legs) |
origin and insertion | points of attachment of each muscle |
origin (head) | most stationary end of the muscle |
insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion |
occipito frontalis | raises eyebrows |
orbicularis oculi | closes eyelids |
orbicularis | puckers lip |
buccinator | flattens cheeks "trumpeters muscle" |
zygomaticus | smiling |
levator labii superious | sneering |
depressor anguli oris | frowning |
masticate | chewing, (temporalis, masseter) |
tongue muscles | extrinsic, intrinsic |
extrinsic | move tongue |
intrinsic | change shape |
synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another. |
among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the | prime mover |
Created by:
lilbatbill9
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