immune and respirato Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What is the 1st line of defense? | skin, mucous membranes, and their secretions |
What is the 2nd line of defense? | White blood cells (phagocytes and T cells) they recognize, attack and eat foreign particles. |
Which cells do not contribute to immunity? | NK- natural killer cells |
macrophage | phagocyte produced from monocyte, important in inflammatory response |
inflammatory response | phagocytes produce cytokines that limit inflammation and begin healing |
inflammatory chemical | histamine |
inate defenses | skin and mucosa, phagocytes, nk cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever |
adaptive defenses | humoral and cellular immunity |
nonspecific immunity | inate defenses |
specific immunity | humoral: B cells cellular: T cells |
clonal selection | B cells divide after being stimulated by antigen. make plasma and memory cells |
complete antigens | substances with both immunogenicity and reactivity stimulates an immune response and reacts with the products of that response |
incomplete antigen | unable to cause immune response by themselves, but can if bound to body proteins |
B cells | white blood cells that produce antibodies |
T cells | thymus cells that produce substances that attack infected cells |
Where do B cells originate? | Bone Marrow moves to spleen and lymph nodes produces immunity |
Where do T cells originate? | bone marrow mature in the thymus |
antibody types | IgM, IgA, IgE, IgG, IgD |
IgG | most common, crosses placenta complement |
IgM | bound to B cells, activates complement, blood typing |
IgA | body secretions and colostrum |
IgE | binds to mast cells, when linked to allergen produces histamine |
IgD | attaches to and activates B cells |
Types of T cells | helper T and cytotoxic T cells |
cytotoxic T cells | release toxins that break down host infected tumor, cancer, transplanted cells |
Helper T cells | activate cytotoxic cells and macrophages, stimulate B cells to produce antibodies |
autoimmune disease | chronic disabling disease- abnormal production of antibodies MS and lupus |
phagocytic cells | WBCs that surround and eat invading bacteria neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils |
agglutination | clumping of molecules or cells caused by antibody- antigen reaction |
inflammation | response of body tissues to injury or irritation |
regulatory T cells | inhibit multiplication and cytokine secretion by other T cells limit immune response |
conducting zone | nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. cleanse, warm and moisten air before it reaches site of gas exchange |
metabolic reason for respiration | carbon dioxide |
speech production | respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation |
respiratory membrane | gas exchange occurs between air on the alveolar side and the blood on the capillary side. alveolar side thin- diffusion |
transpulmonary pressure | pressure difference from w/in pleural cavity, keeps lungs inflated |
asthma attack | bronchial tubes spasm and narrow, tight chest, SOB body doesnt use air efficiently because trying to expand chest |
Boyle's Law | relationship between pressure and volume of gas at a constant temperature. volume increase, pressure decreases |
Henry's Law | at a given temperature, solubility of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid |
infant respiratory distress syndrome | lung condition of premature babies, tachypnea and resp grunting, lack of surfactant |
Dalton's Law | total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to sum of all p1+p2+p3 |
What is the most important respiratory chemical? | carbon dioxide |
larynx | voice box, passage for air between pharynx and trachea, contains vocal cords |
pharynx | throat passage for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx |
epiglottis | lid that covers larynx when swallowing to prevent food in the airway |
surfactant | decreases surface tension in the alveoli, allows lungs to expand |
residual volume | volume of air remaining in the lungs after max forced exhalation 1200ml |
What is the difference between natural killer cells and cytotoxic cells? | They use same mechanisms but NK cells do not look for foreign antigens, they search for other abnormalities |
negative respiratory pressure | lower than atmospheric pressure |
positive respiratory pressure | greater than atmospheric pressure |
zero respiratory pressure | equal to atmospheric pressure |
5 tasks of immune system | recognition lymphocyte selection lymphocyte activation destruction of foreign substance memorization |
pulmonary ventilation | inspiration and expiration |
external respiration | gas exchange between lungs and blood |
gas transport | distributing oxygen to body, collecting CO2 and returning to lungs |
internal respiration | gas exchange between blood, interstitial fluids, and the cells. cellular respiration generates energy |
tidal volume | 500ml amount of air inhaled during normal breathing |
inspiratory reserve volume IRV | the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled |
expiratory reserve volume ERV | 1200ml additional air that can be forcibly exhaled |
residual volume RV | 1200ml volume of air remaining in the lungs after ERV is gone |
Total Lung capacity TLC | 6000ml TV+IRV+ERV+RV= TLC |
vital capacity | 4800ml total air expired TV+IRV+ERV= VC approx 80% of TLC |
inspiratory capacity | 3600ml max amount of air inhaled TV+IRV=IC |
functional residual capacity FRC | 2400ml amount of air in lungs after normal expiration RV+ERV=FRC |
Created by:
jsargent73
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