BIO202-CH26-Electr-1 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| Infants are __% water, average young man is __%, average woman __, & elderly is __. | 73%, 60%, 50%, 45% |
| Of all body tissues __ is least hydrated. | Adipose |
| Skeletal muscle is __% water. | 75% |
| People with more muscle mass have __ water. | more |
| List major fluid compartments & the % water there. | Intracellular (ICF) 40%, Extracellular (ECF 20%), & is plasma or interstitial (IF) |
| Nonelectrolytes | Usually covalently bonded solutes - no electric charge & doesn't dissociate in solution - lipids, urea, & creatine |
| Electrolytes | Dissociate into ions in water - conductive salts, acids, bases & some proteins. |
| __ have greater osmotic power than __. | electrolytes, nonelectrolytes |
| __ have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts. | electrolytes |
| Electrolyte concentration expressed as __. | milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) |
| The chief cation in extracellular fluid is __ & chief anion is __. | Sodium - chloride |
| Chief cation in ICF is __ & major anion is __. | potassium - hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) |
| __ & __ ion concentration is opposite between ECF & ICF. | sodium - potassium |
| __ account for most bulk mass in body fluids. | nonelectrolytes (phospholipids, cholesterol, & triglycerides). |
| Exchange & mixing of body fluids regulated by __. | osmotic & hydrostatic pressures |
| Ion fluxes are restricted & ions moved selectively by __. | active transport or through channels. |
| Increasing ECF solute content causes __. | a shift of water out of the cells |
| Decreasing ECF solute content causes __. | a shift of water into the cells. |
| Nutrient & waste exchange occurs through __. | interstitial fluid (IF) |
| Typical water intake per day? | 2500 ml |
| Insensible water loss | Water that vaporizes out of lungs or skin. |
| Rise in plasma osmolarity triggers? | (1) thirst, (2) ADH |
| Where is the thirst center? | hypothalamus |
| What causes dry mouth? | Rise in plasma oncotic pressure (less water leaves blood stream) |
| 4 ways body loses water | (1) urine, (2) evaporation from lungs/skin, (3) sweat, (4) feces |
| 4 ways solutes are gained | (1) ingestion, (2) secretion from cells, (3) respiration, (4) metabolism |
| 3 ways solutes are lost | (1) urinary excretion, (2) respiration, (3) sweating |
| Metabolic wastes | Uric acid (from nucleic acids), ammonia (amino acids), urea (ammonia & CO2) |
| What in hypothalamic thirst center triggers thirst? | Osmoreceptors losing water by osmosis to hypertonic ECF, angiotension II, etc. |
| When we drink, what satisfies thirst sensation? | mucosa moistened & stretch receptors in stomach |
| When ADH levels are low, water is __. | not reabsorbed - allowed to pass through - dilute urine |
| Decrease in ECF osmolarity __ ADH release. | inhibits |
| Increase in ECF osmolarity __ ADH release. | stimulates |
| Decrease in blood pressure causes __ to secrete ADH | posterior pituitary - large loss of blood |
| Another name for ADH | Vasopressin - because it constricts arteries & increases BP |
| oliguria | decreased urine output |
| hypotonic hydration | over hydration - cells swell - hyponatremia |
| hyponatremia | low ECF Na+ - cells swell |
| Increased capillary permeability usually due to __. | ongoing inflammatory response |
| Edema caused by hindered fluid return to blood usually reflects __. | inbalance in colloid osmotic pressures on both sides of capillary membrane. |
| Hypoproteinemia | Unusually low levels of plasma proteins - resutls in tissue edema - fluids forced out of capillary beds, but fail to return. Interstial space congested. |
| What impact does edema have cardiovascularily? | Decreases blood volume & BP |
| Electrolyte balance usually refers to? | Salt balance in body - sodium, potassium, calcium |
| pica | Appetite for abnormal substances - like chalk |
| __ "has the most to say" about renal regulation of sodium ion conentration in ECF. | aldosterone |
| 65% of Na+ in renal filtrate is reabsorbed __. | in the proximal tubules of kidneys & 25% more in loops of Henle |
| When aldosterone is __ all filtered Na+ is reabsorbed. | high |
| Aldosterone promotes both __ & __ retention. | sodium & water |
| Even though Na+ excretion always results in water excretion__. | doesn't always result in Na+ excretion. |
| Most important trigger for aldosterone release from adrenal cortex. | renin - angiotension mechanism |
| Renin-angiotension mechanism is mediated by __. | juxtaglomerular apparatus of renal tubules. |
| Renin releases from kidneys in response to? | Decrease NaCl concentration, increase BP, or ANS. |
| Renin catalyzes reactions to produce __ which prompts __ release. | angiotensin II, aldosterone |
| High renal BP & NaCl depresses release of __. | renin |
| Elevated K+ levels in ECF stimulates adrenal cortical cells __. | to release aldosterone |
| Principal effects of aldosterone. | Diminish urinary output and increases blood volume. |
| Principal effects of angiotension II. | Raise blood volume & BP. |
| People with Addison's lose __. | NaCl & water to urine. |
| Primary influence of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide. | ANP - reduces BP & BV by inhibiting nearly all vasoconstriction, & Na+ & water retention. |
| natriuretic | salt excreting |
| ANP promotes | (1) excretion of Na+ & H20 by kidneys, (2) supression of ADH, renin, & aldosterone, (3) relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. |
| Estrogens are similar to __. | aldosterone - enhances NaCl reabsorption by renal tubules. |
Created by:
Ladystorm
Popular Anatomy sets