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General Pathology Test

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1.
How does calcium influx lead to irreversile cell injury?
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2.
What cancers do the following tumor markers screen for? 1. prostatic acid phosphatase 2. CEA 3. CA-125 4. CA-19-9
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3.
What tumor is associated with loss of function of the following genes: 1. WTI 2. NF1 & 2 3. DPC 4. DCC 5. hMSH2
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4.
Paraneoplastic effects of tumors: 1. small cell lung carcinoma 2. Leukemia 3. Thymoma
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5.
Which tissues are the following tumor markers found in: 1. keratin 2. S100 3. PAS
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6.
How does alcohol metabolism cause a fatty liver?
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7.
What is the TNM staging system of tumors?
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8.
What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia?
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9.
How do the following effect oxidative phosphorylation: 1. alcohol 2. dinitrophenol 3. salicylates
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10.
Tumors that metastasize to liver
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11.
Which necrosis is described? 1. preservation of cell outline, no nuclei 2. bacterial abscess 3. occurs in brain 4. tuberculosis 5. common in limbs
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12.
What is the difference between dystrophic and metastatic calcification?
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13.
Neoplasms associate with AIDS
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14.
Tumors that metastasize to brain
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15.
1. Pyknosis 2. Karyorrhexis 3. Karyolysis
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16.
1. What is methemoglobin? 2. How is it converted back to normal hemoglobin?
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17.
What are the 3 components of oxygen content?
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18.
Which neoplasms contain psammoma bodies?
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19.
1. What does a pulse oximeter measure? 2. How do methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin effect the pulse oximeter measurements?
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20.
1. Growth derived from multiple germ layers 2. normal tissue in an abnormal location 3. Mass of disorganized cells indigenous to the particular site
A.
PSaMMoma 1. Papillary (thyroid) 2. Serous (ovary) 3. Meningioma 4. Mesothelioma
B.
Oxygen content = Hb x O2 saturation + partial pressure of arterial oxygen
C.
1. nuclear shrinkage 2. nuclear fragmentation 3. nuclear dissolution and fading
D.
1. alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase produces excess NADH which converts DHAP to G3-P 2. acetyl CoA is end-product of alcohol metabolism → ↑fatty acids (FA) 3. G3-P combines with 3FA in the liver to form triglycerides
E.
1. Wilms' tumor 2. neurofibromatosis type 1 & 2 3. pancreatic cancer 4. colon cancer 5. herediaty nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
F.
Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia 1. Lung 2. Breast 3. Skin 4. Kidney 5. GI
G.
1. T = tumor size 2. N = node involvement 3. M = metastases
H.
1. hemoglobin with an oxidized heme group (Fe3+) 2. cytochrome b5 reductase system that transfers H+ from NADH to metHb
I.
1. dystrophic is calcification of dying tissues 2.. metastatic is calcification from hypercalcemia
J.
1. coagulative 2. liquefactive 3. liquefactive 4. caseous 5. gangrenous
K.
1. ACTH, ADH, Lambert Easton 2. Hyperuricemia (from excess nucleic acid turnover) 3. Myasthenia Gravis
L.
1. Hypoxia - inadequate oxygenation of tissue 2. Hypoxemia - decrease in PaO2
M.
1. epithelial 2. neural crest (melanoma, Schwannoma) 3. mucus secreting
N.
1. SaO2 2. they falsely elevate SaO2
O.
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Bening Liver 1. Colon 2. Stomach 3. Pancreas 4. Breast 5. Lung
P.
1. Teratoma 2. Choristoma 3. Hamartoma
Q.
1. non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 2. Kaposi's sarcoma
R.
All allow protons to move into the mitochondrial matrix but in different ways: 1. damage inner mitochondrial membrane 2. uncouple protein in inner membrane 3. damage inner mitochondrial membrane
S.
1. prostate carcinoma 2. colorectal and pancreatic cancers 3. ovarian tumors 4. pancreatic adenocarcinoma
T.
calcium activates caspases
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21.
1. malignant tumor of epithelial origin 2. malignant tumor of connective tissue origin
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22.
Which is more important in determining prognosis: tumor stage or grade?
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23.
Which type of necrosis is seen following immune damage (rheumatoid arthritis, SLE)
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24.
P.T. Barnum Loves Kids 1. Prostate 2. Thyroid, Testes 3. Breast 4. Lung 5. Kidney

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