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General Pathology Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
1. Growth derived from multiple germ layers 2. normal tissue in an abnormal location 3. Mass of disorganized cells indigenous to the particular site
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2.
1. abnormal cells lacking differentiation 2. uncontrolled clonal proliferation of cells
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3.
1. What is methemoglobin? 2. How is it converted back to normal hemoglobin?
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4.
What are the 3 components of oxygen content?
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5.
Neoplasm associated with: 9. Ulcerative colitis 10. Paget's disease of bone 11. Immunodeficiency states
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6.
What is the difference between dystrophic and metastatic calcification?
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7.
1. Increase in cell number 2. replacement of one adult cell type with another 3. abnormal growth with loss of cellular orientation, shape, and size
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8.
1. Pyknosis 2. Karyorrhexis 3. Karyolysis
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9.
How does alcohol metabolism cause a fatty liver?
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10.
What tumor is associated with loss of function of the following genes: 1. WTI 2. NF1 & 2 3. DPC 4. DCC 5. hMSH2
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11.
Are the following reversible: 1. hyperplasia 2. anaplsia 3. neoplasia 4. dysplasia 5. metaplasia
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12.
Are the following cell injuries reversible? 1. pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis 2. fatty change 3. lysosomal rupture 4. mitochondrial permeability 5. cellular swelling 6. ribosomal detachment
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13.
Neoplasm associated with: 13. Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto's, myasthenia gravis) 14. Acanthosis nigricans 15. Dysplastic nevus 16. Radiation exposure
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14.
What tumor is associated with the oncogen? What is the gene product? 1. abl 2. c-myc 3. bcl-2 4. erb-B2
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15.
How are Bax and Bcl-2 related to apoptosis?
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16.
What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia?
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17.
How can alcohol or salicylates cause heat stroke?
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18.
Neoplasm associated with: 5. Actinic keratosis 6. Barrett's esophagus 7. Plummer-Vinson syndrome 8. Cirrhosis
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19.
Tumors that metastasize to liver
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20.
Which neoplasms contain psammoma bodies?
A.
1. dystrophic is calcification of dying tissues 2.. metastatic is calcification from hypercalcemia
B.
1. yes 2. no 3. no 4. yes 5. yes
C.
5. Squamous cell carcinoma of skin 6. Esophageal adenocarcinoma 7. Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus 8. Hepatocellular carcinoma
D.
9. Colonic adenocarcinoma 10. osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma 11. Malignant lymphomas
E.
13. Lymphoma 14. Visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus) 15. Malignant melanoma 16. Sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer
F.
1. Teratoma 2. Choristoma 3. Hamartoma
G.
PSaMMoma 1. Papillary (thyroid) 2. Serous (ovary) 3. Meningioma 4. Mesothelioma
H.
1. Bax is pro-apoptotic 2. Bcl-2 is anti-apoptotic
I.
1. hyperplasia 2. metaplasia 3. dysplasia
J.
1. no 2. yes 3. no 4. no 5. yes 6. yes
K.
1. since they cause protons to move into the mitochondrial matrix, rxns that develop NADH and FADH2 for the e- transport chain must increase to meet the need for H+ ions. 2. ↑ rxns causes hyperthermia
L.
1. Hypoxia - inadequate oxygenation of tissue 2. Hypoxemia - decrease in PaO2
M.
1. nuclear shrinkage 2. nuclear fragmentation 3. nuclear dissolution and fading
N.
1. hemoglobin with an oxidized heme group (Fe3+) 2. cytochrome b5 reductase system that transfers H+ from NADH to metHb
O.
1. alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase produces excess NADH which converts DHAP to G3-P 2. acetyl CoA is end-product of alcohol metabolism → ↑fatty acids (FA) 3. G3-P combines with 3FA in the liver to form triglycerides
P.
1. Wilms' tumor 2. neurofibromatosis type 1 & 2 3. pancreatic cancer 4. colon cancer 5. herediaty nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Q.
Oxygen content = Hb x O2 saturation + partial pressure of arterial oxygen
R.
1. anaplasia 2. neoplasia
S.
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Bening Liver 1. Colon 2. Stomach 3. Pancreas 4. Breast 5. Lung
T.
1. CML --- tyrosine kinase 2. Burkitt's lymphoma -- transcription factor 3. Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas -- anti-apoptotic molecule 4. Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinomas -- tyrosine kinase
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
Which type of necrosis is seen following immune damage (rheumatoid arthritis, SLE)
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22.
1. malignant tumor of epithelial origin 2. malignant tumor of connective tissue origin
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23.
Which is more important in determining prognosis: tumor stage or grade?
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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24.
P.T. Barnum Loves Kids 1. Prostate 2. Thyroid, Testes 3. Breast 4. Lung 5. Kidney

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