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Microbiology 4
First Aid: Microbiology 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the DNA viruses? | HHAPPPy viruses!; Hepadna, herpes, adeno, pox, parvo, papova |
| What is the only single stranded DNA virus family? | Parvo |
| What are the two non-linear DNA viruses? | Papovavirus and Hepadna |
| What is the only DNA virus that is not icosahedral? | Pox; complex structure |
| What is the only DNA virus that does not replicate in the nucleus? | Pox; carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| What are the 3 naked DNA virus families? | PAP; Parvo, adeno, papova |
| What are the 3 naked RNA virus families? | CPR; Calicivirus, Reovirus, picornavirus |
| What is the only RNA virus that is not single stranded? | Reovirus |
| What are the viruses in the picornavirus family? | "PERCH on a peak (pico)"; Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV |
| What are the viruses in the herpesvirus family? | HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6, HHV8 |
| From what families do the hepatitis viruses come from? | B, hepadna; A, picorna; C, Flavi; D, Delta; E, Calici |
| This virus is a common cause of conjunctivitis. | "pink eye"; adenovirus |
| This virus causes aplastic crises in sickle cell disease, "slapped cheeks" rash (erythema infectiosum, and hydrops fetalis. | B19 parvovirus |
| These HPV and JCV belong to this viral family | Papovavirus |
| This virus is can cause molluscum contagiosum in the immunosuppressed. | Poxvirus |
| Norwalk virus belongs to this family, along with HEV | Calicivirus |
| Colorado tick fever and rotavirus belong to this family of virus. | Reovirus |
| This is the #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children. | Rotavirus; remember only 3 viruses cause diarrhea (rotavirus, norwalk, and adeno) |
| Yellow fever, dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, and West nile virus all belong to this family of virus. | Flavivirus |
| This family of virus include rubella, eastern and western equine encephalopathies | Togavirus |
| These viruses have reverse transcriptase? | Retroviruses and HBV |
| This family of viruses are generally attributed with the common cold and SARS. | Coronavirus; (rhinovirus is also a cause of the common cold but belongs to pico family) |
| The influenza virus are within this family of virus. | Orthomyxoviruses |
| This family of viruses include parainfluenza, RSV, measles, and mumps. | paramyxoviruses |
| Rabies family of viruses. | Rhabdovirus |
| This family includes Ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever. | Filoviruses |
| This disease is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV patients. | JCV |
| This virus is not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase. | HBV |
| These viruses must transcribe negative strand to positive using RNA polymerase. | Negative-stranded viruses; Arena, Buny, Paramyxo, Orthomyxo, Filo, Rhabdo (Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication!) |
| This virus is the cause of the common cold. | Rhinovirus; 100 serotypes (Coronavirus is also cause of common cold) |
| Patient presents with parotitis, orchitis, and aseptic meningitis. Diagnosis? | Mumps virus |
| Patient presents with bluish-gray spots on buccal mucosa. Diagnosis? | Measles virus |
| What is genetic drift and genetic shift, and which is worse? | Drift is minor changes based on random mutation, this is the cause of epidemics; Shift is reassortment of viral genomes (such as human flu A recombines with swine flu A), this is the cause of pandemics and is much worse. |
| What is the treatment for influenza? | Amantadine and rimantidine for influenza A; Zanamivir and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors) are useful for both A and B |
| Negri bodies (cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons) are often found in this fatal encephalitis. | Rabies |
| Patient presents with fever, black vomitus, and jaundice. Councilman bodies (acidophilic inclusions) may be seen in liver. | Yellow fever; jaundice makes you yellow, "Flavi" means yellow in latin. |
| Patient presents with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy in posterior auricular nodes. Positive monospot test. | EBV; mononucleosis, monospot test is heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBC's (used to distinguish EBV from CMV in mono) |
| What is the Tzanck test? | Smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells in HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV |
| How is HAV transmitted? | fecal-oral transmission |
| How is HBV transmitted? | Parenteral, sexual, and maternal-fetal routes |
| How is HCV transmitted? | primarily via blood |
| How is HEV transmitted? | enterically and causes water-borne epidemics |
| Which hepatitis variants predispose to cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma? | HBV and HCV |
| This hepatitis variant requires HBV coinfection | HDV; requires HBsAg as envelope |
| This from of hepatitis is particularly fatal in pregnant women. | HEV |
| This hepatitis is chronic and generates the most carriers. | HCV; chronic, cirrhosis, carriers |
| This is a marker for active hepatitis A infection. | IgM HAVAb |
| This marker indicates HBV carrier state. | HBsAg |
| This marker indicates immunity to HBV. | HBsAb |
| This marker indicates recent HBV infection. | HBcAb |
| This hepatitis marker indicates high transmissibility. | HBeAg (e antigen is a second core antigen, antibodies to HBeAb, indicate lower transmissibility) |
| Both acute HBV and chronic carriers of HBV have positive HBsAg and HBcAb and negative HBsAb. How are the two distinguished? | Active disease has HBcAb of the IgM variety, whereas chronic carriers have IgG HBcAb (also carriers actually have HbsAb, but it's all bound to HBsAg) |
| What tests are used to determine HIV infection? | ELISA (high false pos, low threshold) followed by Western blot (high false neg, high threshold) |
| What is PCR used for in HIV patients? | Monitor viral load, used to follow drug therapy in patients |
| What mutation conveys HIV immunity? | CCR5 homozygotes (heterozygotes follow a slower course) |
| What mutation conveys a rapid progression to AIDS? | CXCR1 mutation |
| What oppurtunistic infections frequent the brain in AIDS patients? | cryptococcus, toxoplasmosis, CMV, and JCV (PML) |
| What oppurtunistic infections affect the eyes in AIDS patients? | CMV retinitis |
| What oppurtunistic infections affect the lungs of AIDS patients? | Pneumocystis carinii, TB, histoplasmosis |
| What oppurtunistic infections affect the skin of AIDS patients? | VZV (shingles), and HHV-8 (Kaposis sarcoma), Pox (molluscom contagiosum) |
Created by:
rahjohnson
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