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Pathology Ch. 2 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
What are three types of gangrene?
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2.
What is a pyknosis?
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3.
In which gangrene is the necrotic tissue more prone to severe bacteria infection, liquefaction and toxemia?
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4.
What is gangrene?
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5.
What are the two ways necrotic cells injure cells?
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6.
What is Karyolysis?
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7.
What are infectious agents that may cause cell injury?
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8.
How does coagulative necrosis appear under a microscope?
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9.
What is enzymatic digestion?
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10.
Where does dry gangrene occur?
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11.
In what kind of necrosis does the necrotic tissue appear white and cheesy?
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12.
What is a fatty change?
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13.
How does coagulative necrosis appear to the N.E.?
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14.
What is the mechanism for traumatic fat necrosis?
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15.
What are 7 major causes of cellular injury?
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16.
What 4 intracellular systems are more vulnerable to cell injury?
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17.
Which type of gangrene has both tissue necrosis and putrefaction which are caused by bacteria?
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18.
An example of reversible changes are...?
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19.
What is an important mechanism in enzymatic fat necrosis?
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20.
What is Hypoxia?
A.
area appears pale, firm, and swollen
B.
gas gangrene
C.
wet gangrene
D.
Ischemia due to decreased blood supply; Inadequate oxygenation of blood; Loss of oxygen carrying capacity of blood
E.
small dense nucleus
F.
in the toes and feet due to gradual occlusion of arteries (e.g. atherosclerosis and diabetes) --> coagulative necrosis
G.
Fatty acids combine w/ calcium --> calcium soaps: hard chalky white patches, formed of necrotic fat cells, calcification and fibrosis
H.
dissolution of nucleus by lysosomal enzymes
I.
Viruses; Bacteria; Fungi; Parasites
J.
Accumulation of fat within parenchymal cells of liver (due to hypoxia, alcohol, or DM); Membrane-bound lysosomes coalesce together producing fatty cysts; Appears as vacuoles due to accumulation of fatty droplets
K.
Caseous necrosis
L.
Cell lysis (autolysis, or heterolysis), necrotic tissue appears without structure (liquifactive necrosis)
M.
Release of intracellular fat--> acute inflammation and fibrosis--> firm mass mistaken for breast cancer
N.
Denaturation of proteins and Enzymatic digestion
O.
Cells devoid of nuclei appear as mass of pink homogenous cytoplasm; keep outline for several days till removed by phagocytosis
P.
Hypoxia, Physical agents, Chemical agents, Infectious agents, Genetic defects, Nutritional, Immunologic reactions
Q.
mass necrosis of tissue due to vascular occlusion followed by putrefaction
R.
Dry, wet and gas
S.
When hypoxia interferes with aerobic respiration in mitochondria
T.
1. Cell membranes; 2. Aerobic respiration and ATP generation; 3. Genetic apparatus; 4. Protein and enzyme synthesis
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
What are apoptotic bodies also known as?
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22.
What is the cause of coagulative necrosis?
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23.
Which type of gangrene has crackling sensation of palpation?
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24.
What is the most common type of Necrosis?
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25.
What marks the area between gangrenous area and living tissue?
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26.
What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
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27.
Which type of gangrene is due to contamination of deep wounds involving muscles with clostridium perfringens?
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28.
What is an example of a genetic defect that may cause cell injury?
Type the Question that corresponds to the displayed Answer.
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29.
fragmentation
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30.
death of single cells within clusters of other cells

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