Anatomy - Chapter 1 - Body Organization
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| Define Human anatomy | structure of the human body
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| Define Human physiology | function of anatomical structures
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| _____ are composed of organ systems | Organisms
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| _____ are composed of organs | Organ systems
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| _____ are composed of tissues | Organs
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| _____ are composed of cells | Tissues
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| _____ are composed (in part) of organelles | Cells
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| the smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life | cells
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| True or False Nothing simpler than a cell is considered alive | True
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| A tissue is a... | ... mass/layer of similar cells that performs a specific function
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| An organ is... | ...two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function. definite anatomical boundaries and are visibly distinguishable from adjacent structures
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| An organ system is a... | ...group of organs that carry out a basic function of the organism
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| The human body has how many systems? | 11
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| Gross Anatomy | the study of the structure visible to the naked eye
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| systematic anatomy | study one organ system at a time
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| regional anatomy | multiple organ systems in a given region
perspective typically taught at medical schools
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| Name 3 organs that belong to more than one organ system | Male urethra, pharynx, and mammary glands
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| Organ systems are classified by what? | Principal functions
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| Integumentary System | External support and protection
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| Skeletal System | Support and framework
Production of blood cells
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| Muscular System | Body movement, posture support, and heat production
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| Nervous System | Regulation of all body activities
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| Endocrine System | Secretes hormones
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| Circulatory System | Transports blood, removes metabolic waste
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| Lymphatic System | Body immunity, and tissue drainage
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| Respiratory System | Gas exchange
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| Digestive System | Breakdown and absorption of food
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| Urinary System | Filters blood, and removal of metabolic waste
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| Reproductive System | Production of sex cells
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| Eponyms | (=tombstone names) - terms coined from the names of people
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| About __% of today’s medical terms are formed primarily from about 1,200 Greek and Latin roots | 90%
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| Anatomical position | is a stance in which a person:
stands erect
with feet flat on the floor
arms at sides
palms, face and eyes facing forward
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| sagittal plane | (divides into right and left) portions
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| midsagittal plane | (equal right and left halves)
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| frontal plane | (divides into anterior and posterior portions)
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| supine | face up or forward
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| prone | aces down or rearward
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| Two major regions | Axial and Appendicular
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| Axial Region | Head, Cervical region (neck),and trunk
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| Appendicular Region | Upper and lower limbs
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| Axial - Thoracic Region | Pectoral, Sternal, Acromial, Axillary, Vertebral, and Scapular
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| Axial - Abdominal Region | Umbilical and Lumbar
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| Axial - Pelvic Region | Pubic, Inguinal, Sacral, Gluteal, and Perineal
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| Appendicular - Upper Limb | Brachium, cubital, antebrachium, carpus, manus, palmar surface, dorsum, digits
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| Appendicular - Lower Limb | Femoral (thigh), Crus (Crural), popliteal, patellar, tarsus, pes, dorsum, plantar surface, digits
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| Anterior | Toward the front of the body
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| Toward the front of the body | anterior
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| Posterior | Toward the back of the body
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| Toward the back of the body | Posterior
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| Superior | above
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| above | superior
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| Inferior | below
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| below | inferior
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| cephalic | toward the head or superior end
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| rostral | toward the forehead or nose
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| caudal | toward the tail
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| medial | toward the midline of the body
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| Lateral | away from the midline
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| Proximal | closer to the point of attachment or origin
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| distal | Farther from the point of origin
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| Deep | Farther from the surface
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| Superficial | Close to the surface
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| Oblique | Angle cuts
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