Suprarenal glands, kidneys, ureter
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| Where does the quadratus lumborum run? | From the medial 1/3 of the 12th rib to the medial 1/3 of iliac crest
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| What is lateral to the quadratus lumborum? | Thoracolumbar fascia
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| Where does the thoracolumbar fascia attach? | To the transverses abdominus, internal oblique and external oblique
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| What is the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia between? | The deep muscles of the back and the quadratus lumborum
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| What does the pelvic brim separate? | True pelvis from false pelvis
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| Where does the true pelvis begin and run? | Begins at the pelvic brim and extends inferiorly to the the level of levator ani
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| True or false: The pelvic cavity is inferior to levator ani | False. It is superior
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| Perinium is inferior or superior to levator ani? | Inferior
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| Name muscles betwen quadratus lumborum and vertebral column | Psoas major, psoas minor
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| What part of the body does the psoas major allow you to flex? | Your hip
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| True or False: Psoas major and minor have a fascial wrapping called psoas sheath | True
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| Where does the psoas sheath extend? | From the lumbar vertebrae all the way to the thigh
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| What can tuberculosis of one of the lumbar vertebrae cause pus to flow? | Inferiorly into psoas sheath and appear below the inguinal ligament
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| True or false: The right kidney hilum is one vertebra higher than the left | False. The left kidney is one vertebrae higher
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| Where is the 12th rib in relation to kidneys? | 12th rib is in the middle of left kidney and along superior border of right kidney
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| True or false: The ureter almost never crosses the common iliac artery | True
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| Where does the ureter enter the pelvic brim? | Anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac into the external iliac and internal iliac arteries
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| Where does the ureter run in relation to the psoas sheath? | Superficial
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| What do you find on the posterior side of each kidney? | T12 and L1 branches
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| What are the two branches that L1 give out? | Iliolumbar and ilioinguinal
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| What vein do the renal veins go into? | The inferior vena cava
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| Where do the renal arteries come off the aorta? | Just below the superior mesenteric artery
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| Where is the projection of the umbilicus? | At L4
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| What are the kidneys packed with? | Cushions/layers of fat, then enclosed with renal fascia
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| What are the 2 layers of fat around the kidney? | 1 between the renal fascia and kidney capsule(perirenal fat) 1 between the renal fascia and the thoracolumbar fascia(pararenal fat)
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| What are the adrenal glands contained in? | The renal fascia
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| True or false: There is a septum separating the adrenal glands from the kidney | True
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| What are the dimensions of the kidney? | 10cm long, 5cm wide and 2.5cm thick
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| What are the 5 renal segments | Superior, Anterosuperior, anterioinferior, inferior, posterior
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| Where do glomeruli sit? | In the renal cortex
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| Describe the renal columns | Cortical tissue pushing into the middle of the kidney
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| Describe the renal pyramids and what they consist of | Consist of loops of henle, the ductile exiting with urine on the surface of the renal papilla
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| Where do the renal papilla pour urine? | Into the minor calyces
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| Describe the route in kidney starting from renal papilla | Renal papilla to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvis to ureter
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| Describe renal sinus | Where there is packing of fat (deep to hilum) where things go in and out
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| What artery runs into the splenorenal ligament? | the splenic artery which supplies the spleen
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| Name structures anterior to the right kidney | 1st and 2nd part of duodenum, hepatic area, colic area
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| Name structures anterior to the left kidney | spleen, stomach, pancreas, jejunum and colic
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| Name structures posterior to the left kidney | diaphragm, quadratus lumborum, psoas, transversus tendon
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| Posterior to right kidney | Diaphragm, quadratus lumborum, transversus tendon, psoas
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| Where does the 1st left suprarenal vein drain into? | Renal vein
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| Where does the gondal vein drain into? | Left renal vein
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| What 3 sources supply both suprarenal glands? | Phrenic arteries, middle suprarenal arteries and inferior suprarenal arteries
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| Where do the short veins go? | Into IVC and right renal vein
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| True or False: Both suprarenal veins drain into renal vein | False. Only left
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| What are the sections of the suprarenal glands? | Medulla and Cortex
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| What does medulla do? cortex? | Medulla: secretes adrenaline and epinephrine. responds to sympathetic stimulation. Cortex: makes steroid hormones. responds to adrenocorticotropic hormone release by pituitary gland
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| Where does the ureter run? | Inferiorly on the anterior side of the psoas major
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| Describe sympathetic efferents role in ureter | Innervate the smooth muscle and coordinate peristalsis (one way valve)
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| What supplies the ureter? | Right renal artery, gonadal areteries, branches from common iliac, internal iliac and superior vesical arteries
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| Name the 3 places of constriction of the ureter | Pelvoureteral junction, where ureter crosses pelvic brim and where ureter enters the bladder
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| Describe ureter colic | Devastating painful conditions. problems from stones in constricted area
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| Where does the ureter run in a male in relation to vas deferens? | below the vas deferens as it reaches the posterior aspect of the bladder
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| What is in the beginning of the urethra in males? | Prostate gland
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| Where does the prostate rest? | on the levator ani
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| What are the surfaces of the urinary bladder? | Superior, apex, base or fundus, inferolateral
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| What type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter? | Skeletal
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| Most of the inside of the bladder and the trigone of bladder is derived from what? | Mesoderm
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| What type of muscle is internal urethral sphincter? | Smooth
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| Define micturition | to urinate
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| What is the wall of the smooth muscle in the bladder called? | Detrusor muscle
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| What innervates the detrusor muscle? | parasympathetics from efferents s2, s3, s4. Pelvic splanchnics
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| True or False: Sympathetic efferent constrict the internal urethral sphincter | True
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| True or False:Parasympathetics afferents lead to erection | True
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| True or False: Parasympathetic efferents are involved in ejaculation | False. Sympathetic efferents
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| What distinguish gas from non gas? | Visceral efferents
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