Anatomy and Physiology- Vocabulary for Bone System
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| show | smallest organization of matter that is alive
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| show | a collection of cells with a similar structure and a similar function
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| show | a collection of two or more tissues that are working together to perform a function
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| show | a collection or organs working together to perform a function
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| organism | show 🗑
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| four basic groups of tissues | show 🗑
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| extracellular matrix | show 🗑
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| show | stem cell; forms the tissue
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| show | mature cell; maintains the tissue
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| -clast | show 🗑
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| show | large motile cell; phagocyte
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| mast cell | show 🗑
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| dense collagenous connective tissues | show 🗑
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| show | cartilage cell; located in lacuna
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| lacuna | show 🗑
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| show | collagenous fibers; firm, flexible, resilient; no blood supply
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| osteocyte | show 🗑
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| articulations | show 🗑
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| show | bands of dense collagenous connective tissue; connect muscle to bone
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| ligaments | show 🗑
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| long bones | show 🗑
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| show | about as long as they are wide; blocky; bones of wrist and ankle
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| flat bones | show 🗑
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| show | do not fit in the other three categories; facial bones, vertebrae
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| show | forms an outer shell; dense and strong
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| cancellous (spongy) bone | show 🗑
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| diaphysis | show 🗑
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| show | expanded ends of long bones; exterior is compact bone and the interior is spongy bone
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| periostem | show 🗑
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| show | delicate membrane covering internal surface of bone; single layer of cells containing osteoblasts and osteoclasts
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| show | the structural unit of compact bone
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| lamellae | show 🗑
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| show | lighter; space for marrow; located in epiphysis or in inner portion of the bone
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| osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| show | osteoblast secretes organic matrix; matrix becomes mineralized; trapped osteoblast becomes an osteocyte; osteocytes maintain the bone matrix
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| intramembranous ossification | show 🗑
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| show | begins as cartilage
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| show | torn blood vessels hemorrhage; a mass of clotted blood forms at the fracture site; site becomes swollen, painful, and inflames
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| show | occurs two or three days after the injury; blood vessels and connective tissue stem cells invade the clod; formation of a fibrous netqork and cartilage between the broken bones
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| callus ossification | show 🗑
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| cacitonin | show 🗑
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| parathormone | show 🗑
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| bone types by structure | show 🗑
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| show | immovable joints
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| show | slightly moveable joints
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| show | freely movable joints
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| show | occur between the bones of the skull; comprised of interlocking junctions completely filled with connective tissue fibers
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| show | bones are connected by a fibrous tissue ligament; movement varies from immovable to slightly variable
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| show | peg-in-socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its alveolar socket
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| synchondroses | show 🗑
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| symphyses | show 🗑
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| show | reduces friction
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| tendon sheath | show 🗑
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| show | two opposed flat surfaces; between carpal bones
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| show | two saddle shaped surfaces at right angles to one another; movement in two planes; carpometacarpal articulation of the thumb
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| show | allows movement in only one axis; knee, finger joint, elbow
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| pivot (type of synovial joint) | show 🗑
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| ball-and-socket (type of synovial joint) | show 🗑
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| show | a type of ball-and-socket joint; oval articular surface of one bones fits into a complementary depression of another bone; biaxia movement; wrist joint
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| flexion | show 🗑
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| extension | show 🗑
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| show | extension past the anatomical position
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| dorsiflexion | show 🗑
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| plantar flexion | show 🗑
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| show | movement away from the sagittal plane
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| show | movement toward the sagittal plane
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| circumduction | show 🗑
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| show | movement of a bone around an axis without displacing it from that axis; head
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| medial rotation | show 🗑
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| lateral rotation | show 🗑
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| supination | show 🗑
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| pronation | show 🗑
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| show | rotation of the foot so that the sole of the foot is turned outward
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| inversion | show 🗑
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