EKG Final 9/6
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| What are the structures that control movement of the AV valves? | papillary muscles
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| What is the structure that is sometimes referred to as the dividing wall and separates the right and left side of the heart? | septum
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| What chamber of the hear has the thickest myocardial wall and is described as the major pump of the heart? | left ventricle
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| What are the upper chambers of the heart called? | Atria
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| What are the lower chambers of the heart called? | Ventricles
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| What is the function of the heart? | to pump blood to the body
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| The right side of the heart receives blood from? and sends blood to? | From body, to lungs
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| The left side of the heart receives blood from? and sends blood to? | from lungs to body
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| What is the blood flow through the heart? | SVC/IVC-RA-TV-RV-PV-PA-LUNGS-PV-LA-MV-LV-AV-AO-BODY
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| What is the direct effect of ventricular depolarization? | Mechanical contraction of the ventricles
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| What is the resting membrane potential? | -80/-90 mv
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| What is the action potential? | +30/+40 mv
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| What are the areas of automaticity? | SA node, Internodal fibers, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle branches and Purkinje fibers
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| What areas do not normally use automaticity? | Everything but the SA node
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| What structures have excitability? | Pacemaker and muscle cells
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| What is the All or None principle? | The heart muscle will not respond to an action potential less than 30
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| The ability of the myocardium to initiate its own electrical impulse is? | automaticity
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| The ability of the myocardium to respond to electrical impulses is? | Excitability
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| What is conductivity? | the ability to propagate an impulse
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| What waveform represents depolarization of the atria? | P WAVE
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| What waveform represents AV delay? | PR segment
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| What waveform represents combined atrial depolarization and AV delay? | PR interval
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| What waveform represents depolarization of ventricles? | QRS Complex
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| What waveform represents ventricular contraction? | ST segment
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| What waveform represents re-polarization of ventricles? | ST segment
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| When doing a standardization it should measure? | 10mm or 1 mv
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| Whenever a change is in motion... | a current is produced
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| If the SA node has a permeability change of 60-100 bpm the heart will be | 60-100 bpm
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| When 2 or more limbs are used to form a neutral negative point this is called? | unipolar
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| What are the unipolar limb leads? | AVR, AVL, AVF, chest leads
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| What are the bipolar limb leads? | I, II, III
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| Which lead is usually used for continuous monitoring of the heart? | II
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| Lead I measures current flow between? | RA- AND LA+
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| Lead II measures current flow between? | RA- and LL+
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| Lead III measures current flow between? | LL+ and LA-
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| Current moving toward a positive electrode records a what deflection? | positive
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| A current moving away from a positive or toward a negative records a what deflection? | negative
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| The galvanometer fluctuates due to what? | A current flowing through a magnectic field
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| When doing the chest leads the limb leads act as a positive or negative electrode? | negative
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| What are the two principles stylus works on? | Heat and pressure
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| What is the rate of automaticity fro the SA Node? | 60-100 bpm
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| What is the rate of automaticity fro the AV Node? | 40-60 bpm
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| What is the rate of automaticity fro the bundle of His, bundle branches and purkinje fibers? | 20-40 bpm
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| What is the function of the patient cable? | carry the electrical current from the patient to the machine
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| What is the function of electrodes? | Carry electrical current from patient to patient cable
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| The ECG machine operates on how many volts and what cycle output? | 110-120 volts and 60 cycle outlet
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| What is the usual paper speed? | 25mm/sec
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| When measuring vertically each small square is equivalent to? | .1 mv
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| When measuring horizontally each small square is equivalent to? | .04 sec
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| What is the usual standard knob setting? | gain x1
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| If your receive a wandering baseline during chest leads, how would you correct it? | ask the patient to hold their breath, make sure cable isnt hanging
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| To decrease the amount of muscle tremors where should you place electrodes? | On trunk of body
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| What are the causes of indistinct baseline? | too much or too little heat and pressure
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| AC interference is on the patient or machine end? | machine end
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| If muscle tremor is recorder on leads I and II what would be the probable cause? | RA
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| What is the abbreviation for electrocardiogram? | ECG
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| Why does AVR normally have a negative deflection? | Current in the heart is going toward a negative electrode
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| What supplies the cardiac musculature with oxygenated blood? | coronary arteries
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| Where do the coronary arteries originate from? | Aorta
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| What does systole mean? | contraction
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| What does diastole mean? | Relaxation
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| Cardiac venous blood enters the right atrium via the? | coronary sinus
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| What is the outer layer of the heart? | Epicardium
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| What is the middle layer of the heart? | Myocardium
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| What is the inner layer of the heart? | endocardium
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| The amount of blood pumped out to the body by the LV each minute is?? | cardiac output
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