Planning Making II AICP
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| show | total number of some entity. The total number of planners preparing for the 2011 AICP exam would be a population.
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| show | subset of the population. For example, 25 candidates out of the total number of planners preparing for the 2011 AICP exam.
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| Descriptive Statistics describe the | show 🗑
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| show | population based on observations made on a sample from that population. We infer things about the population based on what is observed in the sample.
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| Central tendency is the | show 🗑
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| show | average of a distribution. The mean of [2, 3, 4, 5] is 3.5.
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| Median is the | show 🗑
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| Mode is the | show 🗑
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| Nominal data is | show 🗑
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| show | ranked so that inferences can be made regarding the magnitude. However, ordinal data has no fixed interval between values. Educational attainment or a letter grade on a test are examples of ordinal data. Mode and median are the only measures of central te
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| show | ordered relationship with a magnitude. For temperature, 30 degrees is not twice as cold as 60 degrees. Mean is the best measure of interval data. Where the data is skewed median can be used.
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| Ratio data has an | show 🗑
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| show | that is symmetrical around the mean. This is a bell curve.
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| A distribution skewed to the right has a | show 🗑
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| A distribution skewed to the left has a few low numbers (outliers) that pull the mean | show 🗑
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| show | While in some cases we want to know the central tendency of a dataset, in other cases we want to know the extent to which data differs from each other. This is known as the dispersion of a distribution.
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| show | simplest measure of dispersion. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. The age range of the respondents in a neighborhood survey goes from 18-year-old to 62-year-old. This results in a range of 44.
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| show | average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution.Variance is a descriptor of a probability distribution, how far the numbers lie from the mean.
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| Standard Deviation | show 🗑
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| Standard Error is the | show 🗑
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| Confidence Interval gives an | show 🗑
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| show | non-parametric test statistic that provides a measure of the amount of difference between two frequency distributions. Chi Square is commonly used for probability distributions in inferential statistics. This Chi Square distribution is used to test the go
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| show | the goodness of fit of an observed distribution to a theoretical one.
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| Urbanized Area | show 🗑
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| Urban Cluster | show 🗑
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| Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes at least one city with | show 🗑
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| show | MSA and has a population of one million or more and separate component areas that can be identified within the entire area.
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| show | PMSA's. An example is the Dallas-Fort Worth Consolidated Metropolitan Area. Dallas and Fort Worth are each primary metropolitan statistical areas.
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| Megalopolis | show 🗑
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| Census Tract typically has a population between | show 🗑
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| show | at which the Census data is collected. There are typically 400 housing units per block.
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| Minor Civil Division (MCD) is a unit only used in | show 🗑
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| Tribal Designated Statistical Area is a unit drawn by | show 🗑
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| Threshold Population | show 🗑
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| American Community Survey (ACS) | show 🗑
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| Baby Boomers | show 🗑
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| Generation X | show 🗑
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| Generation Y (aka Echo Boom) | show 🗑
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| Generation Z | show 🗑
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| show | Topographically Integrated Geographical Encoding and Referencing map, which is used for Census data. A TIGER map includes streets, railroads, zip codes, and landmarks.
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| UrbanSim | show 🗑
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| show | is a software program that allows agencies to create 3D images. This allows citizens to visualize the potential for development and redevelopment
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| show | is frequently used by planners. Digital aerial photography has allowed for increased accuracy to the 0.5 foot resolution. These photographs can be incorporated into GIS.
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| Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) | show 🗑
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| show | a laser, instead of radio waves, that is mounted in an airplane to provide detailed topographic information. It can provide a dense pattern of data points to create one foot contours for DEMs for use in watershed mapping and hydrologic modeling for flood
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| show | also known as cost-revenue analysis, is used to estimate the costs and revenues of a proposed development on a local government.
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| show | This is the simplest method, but it is also the least reliable. It divides the total local budget by the existing population in a city to determine the average per-capita cost for the jurisdiction. The result is multiplied by the expected new population a
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| Average Per Capita Method Problem is that | show 🗑
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| Adjusted Per Capita Method: | show 🗑
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| Disaggregated Per Capita Method | show 🗑
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| Dynamic Method: | show 🗑
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| Environmental Assessment | show 🗑
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| An Environmental Impact Statement typically has four sections: | show 🗑
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| Environmental Impact Statement must address each of the following five topics | show 🗑
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| Relationship between local short-term uses of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity of the land; Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources that would be involved in the proposed action. | show 🗑
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| show | is the allocation and expenditure of funds to provide service to the public. A budget serves to set spending priorities.
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| show | Operating budget and capital budget
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| show | includes everyday expenditures of an organization, such as supplies, personnel, and maintenance of office space.
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| show | includes long-term purchases, such as a new building, recreation center, water main, or major equipment.
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| A capital budget is a | show 🗑
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| show | emphasis is on projecting the budget for the next year while adding in inflationary costs. The advantage of this method is that it does not require any evaluation of existing services, it is easy to prepare and justify
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| Line-item budget only looks | show 🗑
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| Planning, Programming, Budgeting Systems (PPBS) | show 🗑
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| show | departments place their programs in perspective and evaluate efforts and accomplishments.
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| PPBS disadvantage is that it is | show 🗑
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| Planning, Programming, Budgeting (PPB) includes the following components | show 🗑
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| show | emphasizes planning and fosters understanding within all units of an organization
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| show | requires a department to consider every aspect of its operation and concentrate on why it does things the way it does.
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| ZBB disadavantage | show 🗑
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| Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB) includes the following components: | show 🗑
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| ZBB has limited success because of its | show 🗑
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| show | inking funding to performance measures. For example, funding could be tied to the amount of time it takes to process plat applications or building permits.
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| The advantage of this method is that it helps | show 🗑
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| show | ime-consuming to prepare and requires that goals and objectives be stated in measurable terms.
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| Performance-based budgeting includes the following components: | show 🗑
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| Pay-As-You-G | show 🗑
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| Reserve Funds | show 🗑
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| show | oter-approved bonds for capital improvements. GO Bonds use the tax revenue of the government to pay back the debt;
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| show | fixed source of revenue to pay back the debt. For example, revenue bonds could be issued to pay for a new water main.
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| show | allows a designated area to have tax revenue increases used for capital improvements in that area.
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| Special Assessments allows a particular group of people to assess | show 🗑
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| show | “rent-to-own.” The benefit is that the government does not have to borrow money to finance the acquisition of a major capital improvements.
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| Grants allow for | show 🗑
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| show | The tax rate increases as income rises
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| show | The tax rate is the same regardless of income.
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| show | The tax rate decreases as income rises.
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| Fairness | show 🗑
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| Certainty | show 🗑
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| show | convenient to pay. For example, vehicle registration taxes are mailed to vehicle owners' homes;
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| show | collection and enforcement to be a straightforward process;
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| show | A tax should provide a stable source of revenue;
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| show | A tax should not change the way a government would normally use its resources.
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| show | estimates the total monetary value of the benefits and costs to the community of a project(s) to determine whether they should be undertaken.
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| show | Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM), Gantt Chart, Linear programming, Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and Critical Path Method (CPM)
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| Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM) | show 🗑
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| Gantt Chart was developed in 1917 by Charles Gantt. | show 🗑
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| show | project management method that attempts to find the optimum design solution for a project.
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| show | scheduling method that graphically illustrates the interrelationships of project tasks. PERT is a good choice when precise time estimates are not available for project tasks.
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| show | Identify the specific activities and milestones;
• Determine the proper sequence of the activities;
• Construct a network diagram;
• Determine the critical path;
• Update the PERT chart as the project progresses.
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| show | is a tool to analyze a project. The analysis results in a “critical path” through the project tasks. Each project task has a known amount of time to complete and cannot be completed before the previous one is completed.
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